【摘要】：擁有70年輝煌歷史的超級(jí)大國(guó)蘇聯(lián)瞬間土崩瓦解,帶給了世界巨大的震撼與無盡的思考。蘇聯(lián)的解體是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果,其中至關(guān)重要的因素就是蘇共沒有跨越權(quán)力腐敗的陷阱,在人民群眾的不滿、失望、冷漠和抗議的邏輯鏈條中,失去了人民群眾的擁護(hù)和支持,是他們自己打敗了自己。 蘇聯(lián)的政治權(quán)力腐敗更多的表現(xiàn)為集體性的腐敗、制度性的腐敗。蘇共黨內(nèi)官僚主義盛行,特權(quán)腐敗的現(xiàn)象日益侵蝕著黨的肌體,貪污受賄現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重。由于蘇聯(lián)實(shí)行高度集中的政治體制,使得權(quán)力高度集中于個(gè)人,以黨代政、黨政不分的現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重,干部人事制度上的弊端也使得蘇共形成黨員干部事實(shí)上的終身制,干部只上不下,民主監(jiān)督機(jī)制的缺失也為腐敗的發(fā)生提供了便利的條件。這些種種政治制度上的缺陷造成了蘇聯(lián)政治權(quán)力腐敗的泛濫,因此蘇聯(lián)政治制度上的缺陷是腐敗產(chǎn)生的根本原因,分析蘇聯(lián)的腐敗成因就要從制度上的缺陷尋找。 本文首先揭示了政治權(quán)力腐敗與政治制度的關(guān)系,認(rèn)為合理有效的政治制度可以約束和懲治政治權(quán)力腐敗,而權(quán)力制約機(jī)制不健全的政治制度是腐敗產(chǎn)生的根源。政治權(quán)力腐敗阻礙了制度的革新和完善,破壞了政治制度基本功能目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。然后從這一關(guān)系入手,通過對(duì)蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期腐敗的表現(xiàn)及政治制度成因進(jìn)行分析和研究,吸取蘇聯(lián)的教訓(xùn),從中得到重要的啟示,從而進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)我國(guó)反腐敗制度的建設(shè)和改革。
[Abstract]:The collapse of the Soviet Union, with a glorious history of 70 years, gave the world a tremendous shock and endless thinking. The disintegration of the Soviet Union was the result of a combination of various factors, the most important of which was that the Soviet Communist Party had not crossed the trap of power corruption and was in the logical chain of discontent, disappointment, apathy and protest among the masses of the people. Without the support and support of the masses of the people, it was they who defeated themselves. The corruption of political power in the Soviet Union is characterized by collective corruption and institutional corruption. The Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPC) party bureaucratism is prevailing, the phenomenon of privileged corruption is increasingly eroding the party's body, and corruption and bribery are very serious. As a result of the highly centralized political system in the Soviet Union, which makes power highly concentrated on the individual, the phenomenon of not separating the party and government with the party replacing the government, and the malpractice of the cadre and personnel system, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union forms the de facto life-long system of party members and cadres. The lack of democratic supervision mechanism also provides convenient conditions for the occurrence of corruption. These defects in the political system caused the proliferation of corruption of political power in the Soviet Union, so the defects in the political system of the Soviet Union are the root causes of corruption. To analyze the causes of corruption in the Soviet Union, we should look for the defects in the system. This paper first reveals the relationship between political power corruption and political system, and holds that a reasonable and effective political system can restrain and punish political power corruption, while the political system with imperfect power restriction mechanism is the root of corruption. The corruption of political power hinders the innovation and perfection of the system and undermines the realization of the basic function of the political system. Then starting from this relationship, through the analysis and study of the performance of corruption and the causes of political system in the Soviet Union, draw lessons from the Soviet Union, and get important enlightenment, so as to further strengthen the construction and reform of anti-corruption system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K512.5;D351.2

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