論新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策初期列寧向西方之借鑒
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-31 15:37
【摘要】：1920年底，蘇維埃俄國經(jīng)過三年的浴血奮戰(zhàn)，終于擊退外國武裝干涉者，取得國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利，而“給自己取得了獨(dú)立生存的權(quán)利”，列寧認(rèn)為，這對(duì)蘇維埃政權(quán)來說，不僅有了喘息的機(jī)會(huì)，而且有了比較長(zhǎng)期地進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的機(jī)會(huì)。在1921年初開始轉(zhuǎn)向和平建設(shè)時(shí)，蘇俄的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)已遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)狀況日益惡化，工業(yè)衰退，資源短缺，人民生活艱難困苦。與此同時(shí)，蘇俄國內(nèi)的政治危機(jī)不斷升級(jí)，最終在1921年爆發(fā)了喀瑯施塔得反革命叛亂。面對(duì)嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和政治危機(jī)，列寧深感“戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義政策”已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)發(fā)展，于是果斷轉(zhuǎn)變思想，作出改行新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的重大決策，積極向西方學(xué)習(xí)，借鑒西方先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，引進(jìn)資金設(shè)備，使蘇維埃俄國的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況明顯好轉(zhuǎn)，為蘇俄政權(quán)的穩(wěn)定和社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。 在論文寫作過程中，主要分七部分對(duì)列寧向西方的借鑒學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論述： 第一部分是對(duì)向西方學(xué)習(xí)的歷史背景進(jìn)行了分析。戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義政策在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)上都產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的消極后果，使蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)停滯不前，社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩不安，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，使得當(dāng)時(shí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人列寧不得不進(jìn)行政治經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的變革。第二部分是對(duì)列寧向西方學(xué)習(xí)的可能性進(jìn)行了說明�？茖W(xué)技術(shù)的無階級(jí)性以及當(dāng)時(shí)國際帝國主義國家之間的矛盾使得列寧在帝國主義國家的重重包圍中看到了向資本主義學(xué)習(xí)的希望，，為向西方學(xué)習(xí)提供了可能性。第三部分是對(duì)列寧向西方資本主義國家學(xué)習(xí)的具體表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)論述。列寧積極學(xué)習(xí)西方的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)與管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，引進(jìn)先進(jìn)設(shè)備，提出了全俄電氣化計(jì)劃，通過實(shí)行租讓制等國家資本主義形式積極利用外資，為蘇維埃俄國恢復(fù)并發(fā)展社會(huì)主義政治經(jīng)濟(jì)奠定了重要基礎(chǔ)。第四部分主要分析了列寧利用資本主義發(fā)展社會(huì)主義所堅(jiān)持的原則，必須堅(jiān)持國家主權(quán)的完整以及政治經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立自主，根據(jù)國內(nèi)的實(shí)際需要進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，不能盲目借鑒，堅(jiān)持保護(hù)社會(huì)主義的根本利益。第五部分是對(duì)向西方學(xué)習(xí)的成果進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。國民經(jīng)濟(jì)開始好轉(zhuǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)得到恢復(fù)，工業(yè)復(fù)蘇，工人復(fù)業(yè)，與西方國家的關(guān)系不斷趨于緩和，為蘇維埃俄國的發(fā)展?fàn)I造了相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的國際環(huán)境。第六部分分析了向西方學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)蘇維埃俄國的深遠(yuǎn)意義。列寧關(guān)于向西方學(xué)習(xí)的思想，加快了建立社會(huì)主義的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，在理論上突破了馬克思主義者關(guān)于建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的某些傳統(tǒng)觀念，實(shí)行了積極主動(dòng)的向資本主義國家學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，從而對(duì)馬克思主義作出了重大發(fā)展。第七部分主要是關(guān)于列寧這一決策對(duì)二戰(zhàn)后南斯拉夫和中國的影響的簡(jiǎn)單論述。南斯拉夫是社會(huì)主義陣營中第一個(gè)同蘇聯(lián)模式?jīng)Q裂的國家，從這個(gè)國家的改革方式可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，列寧向西方學(xué)習(xí)的思想對(duì)其有著深刻的影響；而二戰(zhàn)后的中國，在經(jīng)歷了抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后，百業(yè)待興，受列寧向西方學(xué)習(xí)思想的影響，毛澤東認(rèn)為一切民族和國家的長(zhǎng)處都要學(xué)習(xí)，這其中當(dāng)然也包括西方資本主義國家，鄧小平更是做出了實(shí)行改革開放的決定，為中國的不斷發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:At the end of 1920, after three years of bloody struggle, Soviet Russia finally defeated foreign armed interferers and won the victory of the civil war, and "gave itself the right to an independent existence." Lenin believed that this gave the Soviet regime not only a breathing opportunity, but also a longer-term opportunity for economic construction. At the beginning of the transition to peace-building, the Soviet national economy had been severely damaged, agricultural production was deteriorating, industry was declining, resources were scarce, and people's livelihood was difficult. Lenin was deeply aware that the "Wartime Communist Policy" had seriously affected the recovery and development of the national economy, so he resolutely changed his thinking, made a major decision to change to a new economic policy, actively studied from the West, learned from the advanced production technology and management experience of the West, and introduced capital and equipment to make the Soviet Russia's economic situation obvious. The improvement has laid the foundation for the stability of the Soviet regime and the continuous development of the society.
In the process of writing, there are seven parts in which Lenin's learning from the west is discussed in detail.
The first part is an analysis of the historical background of learning from the West.The communist policy during the war had serious negative consequences both politically and economically, which led to the stagnation of Soviet society, social unrest and serious destruction of social production, and forced Lenin, the then leader, to make political and economic policy changes. The third part is about the possibility of Lenin learning from the West. Lenin actively studied the advanced science and technology and management experience of the West, introduced advanced equipment, put forward the electrification plan of Russia, and actively utilized foreign capital in the form of national capitalism such as concession system to restore and develop socialist political economy for Soviet Russia. The fourth part mainly analyzes Lenin's principle of using capitalism to develop socialism. He must adhere to the integrity of state sovereignty and political and economic independence. He should study according to the actual needs of China, not blindly draw lessons from it, and insist on protecting the fundamental interests of socialism. The results of learning from the West were summarized. The national economy began to improve, agriculture was restored, industry was restored, workers resumed their jobs, and relations with the West were gradually relaxed, thus creating a relatively stable international environment for the development of Soviet Russia. The sixth part analyzed the far-reaching significance of learning from the West to Soviet Russia. The idea of learning from the West accelerated the establishment of the material and technological basis of socialism, theoretically broke through some of the Marxists'traditional concepts of building socialism, and carried out an active economic policy of learning from capitalist countries, thus making great progress in Marxism. The influence of Lenin's decision on Yugoslavia and China after World War II is briefly discussed. Affected by Lenin's thought of learning from the West, Mao Zedong believed that all nations and countries should learn from their strengths, including, of course, Western capitalist countries. Deng Xiaoping made a decision to implement reform and opening up, which laid the foundation for China's continuous development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K512.5
本文編號(hào)：2215425
[Abstract]:At the end of 1920, after three years of bloody struggle, Soviet Russia finally defeated foreign armed interferers and won the victory of the civil war, and "gave itself the right to an independent existence." Lenin believed that this gave the Soviet regime not only a breathing opportunity, but also a longer-term opportunity for economic construction. At the beginning of the transition to peace-building, the Soviet national economy had been severely damaged, agricultural production was deteriorating, industry was declining, resources were scarce, and people's livelihood was difficult. Lenin was deeply aware that the "Wartime Communist Policy" had seriously affected the recovery and development of the national economy, so he resolutely changed his thinking, made a major decision to change to a new economic policy, actively studied from the West, learned from the advanced production technology and management experience of the West, and introduced capital and equipment to make the Soviet Russia's economic situation obvious. The improvement has laid the foundation for the stability of the Soviet regime and the continuous development of the society.
In the process of writing, there are seven parts in which Lenin's learning from the west is discussed in detail.
The first part is an analysis of the historical background of learning from the West.The communist policy during the war had serious negative consequences both politically and economically, which led to the stagnation of Soviet society, social unrest and serious destruction of social production, and forced Lenin, the then leader, to make political and economic policy changes. The third part is about the possibility of Lenin learning from the West. Lenin actively studied the advanced science and technology and management experience of the West, introduced advanced equipment, put forward the electrification plan of Russia, and actively utilized foreign capital in the form of national capitalism such as concession system to restore and develop socialist political economy for Soviet Russia. The fourth part mainly analyzes Lenin's principle of using capitalism to develop socialism. He must adhere to the integrity of state sovereignty and political and economic independence. He should study according to the actual needs of China, not blindly draw lessons from it, and insist on protecting the fundamental interests of socialism. The results of learning from the West were summarized. The national economy began to improve, agriculture was restored, industry was restored, workers resumed their jobs, and relations with the West were gradually relaxed, thus creating a relatively stable international environment for the development of Soviet Russia. The sixth part analyzed the far-reaching significance of learning from the West to Soviet Russia. The idea of learning from the West accelerated the establishment of the material and technological basis of socialism, theoretically broke through some of the Marxists'traditional concepts of building socialism, and carried out an active economic policy of learning from capitalist countries, thus making great progress in Marxism. The influence of Lenin's decision on Yugoslavia and China after World War II is briefly discussed. Affected by Lenin's thought of learning from the West, Mao Zedong believed that all nations and countries should learn from their strengths, including, of course, Western capitalist countries. Deng Xiaoping made a decision to implement reform and opening up, which laid the foundation for China's continuous development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：K512.5
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 李剛;馮婧;;列寧新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的歷史必然性[J];成都大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2008年04期
2 郭培根;利用資本主義建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的時(shí)代特征與基本內(nèi)涵[J];當(dāng)代思潮;2002年03期
3 胡增文;;新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策:列寧穩(wěn)定社會(huì)的重大政策舉措[J];湖北社會(huì)科學(xué);2008年01期
4 李光;;淺談列寧的新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策[J];法制與社會(huì);2011年03期
5 王智熠;;論列寧新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策及其當(dāng)代啟示[J];經(jīng)營管理者;2010年24期
6 吳日明;;演變還是策略——對(duì)列寧新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的認(rèn)識(shí)及其啟示[J];甘肅社會(huì)科學(xué);2010年05期
7 馬徒;列寧的國家資本主義新論[J];廣西大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年04期
8 楊卓華;列寧關(guān)于利用資本主義建設(shè)社會(huì)主義的思想和實(shí)踐[J];長(zhǎng)白學(xué)刊;1993年01期
9 郭連成;論列寧新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策學(xué)說的形成與發(fā)展[J];財(cái)經(jīng)問題研究;1992年11期
10 王春紅;;列寧關(guān)于通過用實(shí)物稅制代替余糧收集制以爭(zhēng)取農(nóng)民支持思想的主要內(nèi)容[J];傳承;2011年20期
本文編號(hào)：2215425
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2215425.html
最近更新
教材專著
