【摘要】：巫術(shù)以及巫師一直存在于人類演進(jìn)的歷史之中。古往今來(lái)，各地的人們都相信有這種人和這種行為。在我們所知的人類社會(huì)中極少有完全不受巫術(shù)影響的。在歐洲近代化早期這一歷史的轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，巫術(shù)和女巫變得更加的為人們所重視與關(guān)注。不管是社會(huì)的那個(gè)階層，從知識(shí)分子到一般市民，從教皇到農(nóng)婦，人們都對(duì)巫術(shù)以及女巫的效力深信不疑：這個(gè)時(shí)代甚至被認(rèn)為是“以巫術(shù)和迷信看世界”的時(shí)代。巫術(shù)從社會(huì)的方方面面對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)的近代化進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了不可忽略的影響，而早期的近代化進(jìn)程也不可避免的反作用于巫術(shù)。 巫術(shù)作為當(dāng)時(shí)人們認(rèn)識(shí)世界的另一扇窗口，通過(guò)諺語(yǔ)，童謠，禁忌等對(duì)人們的日常生活作出隱性的規(guī)范。在宗教改革中，先是為教會(huì)所借鑒，形成所謂的“教會(huì)巫術(shù)”，然后在教會(huì)與新教的辨戰(zhàn)中為無(wú)所適從的知識(shí)分子提供了一個(gè)更多的信仰選擇。并且在社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)候提供安撫民心的預(yù)言和救贖方法。而巫術(shù)對(duì)未知世界的探索更是催生了近代科學(xué)的產(chǎn)生，例如近代化學(xué)就是建立在巫術(shù)的煉金術(shù)之上。在歐洲經(jīng)歷向近代化社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的陣痛時(shí)，巫術(shù)以及女巫又充當(dāng)了緩解社會(huì)緊張的一種機(jī)制。而由此應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的宗教裁判所，儼然成為教皇在世俗權(quán)威的又一代表，被作為一種調(diào)節(jié)社會(huì)平衡，緩解社會(huì)壓力的機(jī)制而存在著。人們把新舊社會(huì)道德的沖突，，社會(huì)壓力的緊張，都轉(zhuǎn)嫁于女巫身上。借助獵巫運(yùn)動(dòng)，歐洲相對(duì)平穩(wěn)的度過(guò)了近代化早期的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型。 隨著近代化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn)，歐洲教會(huì)對(duì)待巫術(shù)的態(tài)度經(jīng)歷了從之前的能夠接受轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闃O力的反對(duì)，進(jìn)而到狩獵女巫。一方面近代化的歐洲在近代科學(xué)思想的沖擊下，巫術(shù)的觀念變得難以立足，而另一方面在宗教改革以及獵巫運(yùn)動(dòng)的
[Abstract]:Witchcraft and witches have always existed in the history of human evolution. Throughout the ages, people everywhere believed in this kind of person and behavior. Very few human societies as we know are completely unaffected by witchcraft. In the transition period of the early modern Europe, witchcraft and witches became more and more important and concerned. From the intellectual to the average citizen, from the pope to the peasant woman, there is no doubt about the power of witchcraft and witches: it is even considered to be the age of "seeing the world by witchcraft and superstition." Witchcraft influenced the modernization process from all aspects of the society, and the early modernization process inevitably counteracted the witchcraft. As another window of people's understanding of the world at that time, witchcraft used proverbs, nursery rhymes, taboos and so on to make recessive norms of people's daily life. In the process of religious reform, it was first used by the church to form the so-called "church witchcraft", then in the debate between the church and Protestantism, it provided a more religious choice for the disoriented intellectuals. It also provides prophecy and redemption in times of social unrest. The exploration of the unknown world by witchcraft gave birth to modern science, for example, modern chemistry was based on alchemy of witchcraft. Witchcraft and witches act as a mechanism to ease social tensions in the throes of the transition to modern societies in Europe. As a result, the religious adjudication has become another representative of the Pope in the secular authority, which exists as a mechanism to regulate social balance and relieve social pressure. People pass on to witches the conflicts between old and new social morality and the tension of social pressure. With the help of witch-hunting, Europe passed the social transformation in the early period of modernization relatively smoothly. With the advancement of modernization, the European church's attitude toward witchcraft has changed from being acceptable to opposing it, and then to hunting witches. On the one hand, modern Europe, under the impact of modern scientific thought, the concept of witchcraft became difficult to establish, on the other hand, in the religious reform and witch-hunting movement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：K504

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 劉章才,賈國(guó)靜;近代早期歐洲巫術(shù)大恐慌原因初探[J];西南交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年02期

2 程之范;中世紀(jì)的醫(yī)學(xué)[J];中華醫(yī)史雜志;1994年02期

3 周書(shū)云;童謠巫術(shù)論[J];中南民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年03期

本文編號(hào)：2209748