【摘要】：目前，國內(nèi)對英國猶太人的研究主要關(guān)注的是中世紀(jì)歐洲的反猶主義，但作為中世紀(jì)反猶主義現(xiàn)象之一的血祭誹謗（從某種意義上說，是中世紀(jì)歐洲最典型、最有影響力的反猶主義現(xiàn)象之一），，國內(nèi)對此研究甚少。血祭誹謗是對猶太人的一項錯誤指控，其控告猶太人謀殺基督教兒童以獲得他們的血用作各種藥用目的、準(zhǔn)備逾越節(jié)的無酵餅或為復(fù)仇及嘲笑耶穌的釘死（阿蘭299）。作為中世紀(jì)基督教反猶主義現(xiàn)象的血祭誹謗，深刻地影響著當(dāng)今世界的其他民族對猶太民族的認(rèn)識。 本文旨在從四個方面來揭示1066-1290期間英國發(fā)生血祭誹謗的復(fù)雜原因，即血祭誹謗是由中世紀(jì)基督徒與猶太人之間的宗教、文化、經(jīng)濟和政治方面的沖突造成的。第一章從宗教角度切入，因基督徒和猶太人對教義的不同理解而導(dǎo)致雙方的敵對情緒。第二章論述猶太人獨特的生活習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致基督徒的妄加猜測，并且基督徒廣泛傳播詆毀猶太人的宗教傳說，致使基督徒和猶太人之間產(chǎn)生恐懼心理。第三章從經(jīng)濟角度來看，因猶太人沒有社會地位而無選擇權(quán)，基督徒又不被準(zhǔn)許從事借貸業(yè)，因此借貸業(yè)這一“罪惡”的職業(yè)只有猶太人來承擔(dān)，加上猶太人對基督徒和本民族的雙重經(jīng)濟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不可避免地導(dǎo)致基督徒的嫉妒和憎恨。第四章從政治角度來論述，中世紀(jì)的歐洲實際上是羅馬天主教當(dāng)政，而猶太人沒有任何政治地位，結(jié)果只能被看做社會的替罪羔羊。綜上所述，血祭誹謗現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生始于基督教與猶太教的對抗，隨之而來的是基督教傳說對猶太人的“妖魔化”傳播，這一傳播自然導(dǎo)致了猶太人不被社會所接納而只能從事放貸業(yè)這一“罪惡”行當(dāng)，加上中世紀(jì)的英國政府為保護自身利益而選擇犧牲猶太人。 筆者認(rèn)為對1066-1290期間英國血祭誹謗事件的透徹了解，是對中世紀(jì)普遍發(fā)生在其他歐洲國家的血祭誹謗事件以及反猶屠殺提供參考資料。由于血祭誹謗傳說的影響仍然以更加隱晦的方式存在于現(xiàn)代西方世界，因此筆者相信對血祭誹謗發(fā)生之原因的研究對于理解和研究中世紀(jì)以來的西方文學(xué)、文化中的反猶主義根源及其影響有一定的幫助。
[Abstract]:At present, the domestic research on the British Jews is mainly concerned with the anti-Semitism in medieval Europe, but as one of the anti-Semitism phenomena in medieval Europe (in a sense, is one of the most typical and influential anti-Semitism phenomena in medieval Europe), the domestic research on this is very little. It accuses Jews of murdering Christian children to obtain their blood for various medicinal purposes, preparing Passover unleavened cakes, or of the death of Jesus in revenge and ridicule (Alan 299). As a medieval Christian anti-Semitism, the slander of blood sacrifices profoundly affects the Jewish people of other peoples in the world today. Know.
The purpose of this paper is to reveal the complex causes of the slander of blood sacrifices in Britain during 1066-1290 from four aspects, that is, the slander of blood sacrifices was caused by the religious, cultural, economic and political conflicts between Christians and Jews in the Middle Ages. Chapter 2 deals with Jews'unique living habits which lead to Christian speculation and widespread Christian belief in Jews, resulting in fear between Christians and Jews. Lending was allowed to engage in the lending industry, so the "evil" occupation of the lending industry was undertaken only by the Jews, which inevitably led to the jealousy and hatred of Christians by the double economic standards of the Jews toward Christians and their own people. Chapter IV argues from a political point of view that medieval Europe was in fact Roman Catholicism, while Jews were in power. All in all, the slander of blood sacrifices began with the confrontation between Christianity and Judaism, followed by the spread of the demonization of Christian legends to Jews, which naturally led to Jews not being accepted by society but only engaging in lending. A "evil" business, plus the medieval British government, chose to sacrifice the Jews to protect their own interests.
The author believes that a thorough understanding of the slander of blood sacrifices in Britain during the period of 1066-1290 is a reference for the slander of blood sacrifices and the anti-Semitic massacres that prevailed in other European countries in the Middle Ages. The study of the causes of libel is helpful to understand and study the origin and influence of anti-Semitism in Western literature and culture since the Middle Ages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K561

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 喬國強;從《霧都孤兒》看狄更斯的反猶主義傾向[J];外國文學(xué)研究;2004年02期

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