【摘要】：流散猶太會堂是猶太人生活中的一個重要機(jī)構(gòu),并且這個機(jī)構(gòu)也與猶太教的發(fā)展息息相關(guān)。希臘羅馬時期流散猶太人的生活環(huán)境發(fā)生了巨大的變化,在耶路撒冷的第一、第二圣殿都被摧毀后,各個城市中的流散猶太會堂逐漸成為了當(dāng)?shù)鬲q太人進(jìn)行集會的唯一場所。同時,隨著會堂內(nèi)部儀式的逐漸完善,其與猶太人的生活聯(lián)系也日益緊密。對于流散猶太人來說,會堂起到的不僅僅是宗教上的作用,在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化等方面也發(fā)揮著重大的功效。不僅如此,流散猶太會堂的分布也非常廣泛,可以說只要有猶太人生活的地方,就會建有會堂,這也是他們在異教文化的沖突下得以保持自己一神教和獨(dú)特文化的基礎(chǔ)。正是由于流散猶太人生存環(huán)境的特殊性,使得這里的會堂肩負(fù)了更大的責(zé)任和義務(wù)。而流散猶太會堂也作為猶太人和當(dāng)?shù)亟y(tǒng)治者交流的一個媒介,完全成了當(dāng)時的社區(qū)中心,并且為猶太人的生活隔離出了一個比較純潔的“精神世界”。當(dāng)然,會堂也不可避免的受到了希臘羅馬文化的影響,從建筑風(fēng)格來看,很多方面都有著鮮明的希臘羅馬特色,但大多數(shù)時候這些特征都已經(jīng)喪失了其原先的宗教意義,被吸收融合到了流散猶太會堂這個建筑之中�？傊�,會堂對猶太人和猶太教的作用不言而喻,它不僅參與到了流散猶太人生活的方方面面,甚至影響到了許多希臘羅馬人。本文主要是對希臘化和羅馬時期的流散猶太會堂進(jìn)行綜合性的論述,包括會堂的起源及其發(fā)展流變,以及在這個過程中與外族人的融合與沖突。
[Abstract]:The diaspora is an important part of Jewish life and is closely related to the development of Judaism. After the destruction of the first and second shrines in Jerusalem, the scattered synagogues in various cities gradually became the only place for local Jews to assemble. At the same time, with the gradual improvement of the inner ceremony of the synagogue, its relationship with the life of the Jews became more and more close. For displaced Jews, synagogues not only play a religious role, but also play an important role in politics, economy, society and culture. Moreover, the scattered synagogues are also very widely distributed, so long as there are places where Jews live, there will be synagogues, which is the basis for them to maintain their monotheistic and unique culture in the conflict of pagan culture. Because of the particularity of the living environment of the displaced Jews, the synagogue here shouldered more responsibilities and obligations. The scattered synagogue, as a medium of communication between Jews and local rulers, became the center of the community at that time, and separated the Jewish life from a relatively pure "spiritual world". Of course, synagogues are inevitably influenced by Greek and Roman culture. In terms of architectural style, there are many distinct Greek-Roman characteristics, but most of the time these characteristics have lost their original religious significance. Absorbed into the building of the scattered synagogue. In short, the synagogue's role in Jews and Judaism goes without saying that it not only involved in all aspects of Jewish life, but also affected many Greeks and Romans. This paper mainly discusses the synagogue in Hellenism and Roman period, including the origin and development of synagogue, and the fusion and conflict with foreign people in this process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K12

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1 郭敏;希臘化至羅馬帝國時期的流散猶太會堂研究[D];山西師范大學(xué);2016年

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本文編號：2191737