【摘要】： 斯基泰人(Scythians),又譯成西徐亞人,是上古時期生活在南俄草原的一支操伊朗語的游牧民族。公元前8世紀(jì),斯基泰人隨民族遷徙進入南俄,公元前7世紀(jì),斯基泰人通過一系列對外擴張活動,發(fā)展成為南俄一股強大的政治力量,最終建立強大的游牧帝國。 作為一個民族,斯基泰人是早期鐵器時代典型的游牧民族,它的文化較典型、成熟,為以后的游牧文化提供了一定的范式;作為一個國家,斯基泰王國通過擴張和交往,在當(dāng)時的歐亞民族中扮演了重要的角色;作為一種文明,斯基泰文明代表游牧文明發(fā)展的最高水平,以為世界文明做出了不可磨滅的歷史貢獻。因此,斯基泰人無論在縱向還是橫向上,即在上古時期的游牧民族歷史上還是上古時期的南俄草原及黑海地區(qū),都具有重要的歷史地位。研究斯基泰文化有助于我們了解游牧文化成因、游牧民族文化的本質(zhì)和特征,進而可以了解到諸草原游牧文化之間的相互關(guān)系,尤其是文化上的傳承、種族的更替等。不僅如此,研究斯基泰人的國家有助于我們研究游牧社會政治、經(jīng)濟自身的特點和復(fù)雜的特性,進一步理解游牧文明對世界文明的貢獻、游牧文明與農(nóng)耕文明交往過程中自身的發(fā)展趨勢等問題。 本文主要由引言、正文和結(jié)語三部分組成。 引言部分,闡述斯基泰研究的歷史意義,介紹國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界研究的現(xiàn)狀和已解決的問題,指出本文所研究的對象和問題以及研究的方法。 正文部分第一章,重在界定斯基泰人的涵義,探討斯基泰人的起源,明確本文研究的對象是狹義斯基泰人這個概念。 第二章,主要介紹斯基泰王國興亡的歷史過程,探討游牧國家歷史發(fā)展、終結(jié)的必然規(guī)律。 第三章,是本文的重點所在,主要探討斯基泰王國內(nèi)部的結(jié)構(gòu)。通過對斯基泰王國的政治、經(jīng)濟和社會習(xí)俗的描述,指出斯基泰王國經(jīng)歷了從軍事民主制到奴隸制的轉(zhuǎn)變過程,從游牧到定居經(jīng)商的轉(zhuǎn)變過程。 第四章,則主要論述了亡國后的斯基泰人的流散,介紹了斯基泰人流散所產(chǎn)生的影響,探討游牧世界在歷史發(fā)展過程中自身發(fā)展的趨勢。 結(jié)語部分,從民族、國家、文明三個層面對斯基泰人的歷史地位作了總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The Skeetai, (Scythians), is an Iranian-speaking nomad living in the southern Russian grassland in ancient times. In the 8th century B.C., the Skeitans migrated to South Russia with the national migration. In the 7th century BC, the Skeitans developed into a powerful political force through a series of external expansion activities, and finally established a strong nomadic empire. As a nation, the Skeetai were typical nomads of the early Iron Age, whose culture was typical and mature, which provided a certain paradigm for the later nomadic culture. As a country, the Kingdom of Skietai expanded and interacted with each other. As a kind of civilization, Skeetai civilization represented the highest level of the development of nomadic civilization and made indelible contribution to the world civilization. Therefore, both vertical and horizontal, both in the history of nomadic peoples in the ancient period, in the southern Russia steppe and in the Black Sea region of the ancient period, the Skeetai people have an important historical position. It is helpful to understand the causes of nomadic culture, the essence and characteristics of nomadic culture, and the relationship between nomadic culture of grasslands, especially the inheritance of culture and the change of race. Not only that, the study of the country of the Scots will help us to study the characteristics and complex characteristics of nomadic society, politics and economy, and to further understand the contribution of nomadic civilization to world civilization. The development trend of nomadic civilization and farming civilization. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. In the preface, the author expounds the historical significance of Skeetai's research, introduces the present situation of academic research at home and abroad and the problems that have been solved, and points out the object, problems and research methods of this paper. The first chapter of the text focuses on defining the meaning of the Skeeitans, exploring the origin of the Skitans, and making it clear that the object of this study is the narrow concept of the Skeitans. The second chapter mainly introduces the historical process of the rise and fall of the Kingdom of Ski Tai, and probes into the inevitable law of the historical development and the end of nomadic countries. The third chapter is the focus of this paper, mainly discusses the internal structure of the Kingdom of Ski Tai. Through the description of the political, economic and social customs of the Kingdom of Sitay, it was pointed out that the Kingdom had undergone a transition from military democracy to slavery and from nomadic to settled business. In the fourth chapter, the author mainly discusses the exile of the Skeitans after the subjugation, introduces the influence of the exodus, and probes into the tendency of the nomadic world's own development in the course of historical development. The conclusion part summarizes the historical status of the Skitans from the three aspects of nationality, state and civilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K512

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