【摘要】：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)作為一場總體戰(zhàn),對戰(zhàn)后世界歷史進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了廣泛而持久的影響,其表現(xiàn)之一就是它促進(jìn)和促成了世界發(fā)展模式由戰(zhàn)前征服和掠奪的侵略發(fā)展模式向戰(zhàn)后世界平等、共存和共贏的和平發(fā)展模式的轉(zhuǎn)換。 近代以來,領(lǐng)土征服和掠奪的侵略發(fā)展模式是西方世界占支配地位的發(fā)展模式,正是這種發(fā)展模式促成了“西方的興起”,并造成了西方世界和非西方世界在世界政治經(jīng)濟(jì)中的中心-邊緣地位。然而,隨著工業(yè)革命帶來的國際社會各個層面的變革,這種侵略發(fā)展模式在19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初達(dá)到頂峰的同時,也開始走向衰落。 侵略發(fā)展模式的興起和持續(xù)是近代以來世界戰(zhàn)爭和沖突不斷的根源,其本身的暴力性、封閉性特征造就了20世紀(jì)的兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。至第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),資本主義侵略發(fā)展模式盛極而衰,一戰(zhàn)的遺產(chǎn)從很多方面開始削弱侵略發(fā)展模式在國際政治中的存在,但是這種削弱是有一定限度的,并未能使得國際社會徹底否認(rèn)、摒棄以侵略求發(fā)展的政策模式,殖民擴(kuò)張、帝國建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮之間存在密切聯(lián)系的觀念依舊存在市場,戰(zhàn)爭依然被一些國家視為謀求本國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會進(jìn)步的政策工具。 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)是30年代一些國家堅持和追求侵略發(fā)展模式的結(jié)果。二戰(zhàn)留給戰(zhàn)后國際社會的遺產(chǎn)在一戰(zhàn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步削弱了侵略發(fā)展模式在世界政治經(jīng)濟(jì)中的存在,促成了世界發(fā)展模式向和平發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)換。二戰(zhàn)給戰(zhàn)后世界留下了豐富的遺產(chǎn),在文中作者結(jié)合論文主旨,主要探討了推進(jìn)世界發(fā)展模式轉(zhuǎn)換的重要的積極遺產(chǎn),并把它們分為兩類：一類是二戰(zhàn)期間盟國在反思二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)根源的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的主觀意義上的戰(zhàn)后規(guī)劃。如廢除殖民主義制度、建設(shè)穩(wěn)定開放的國際金融貿(mào)易秩序、施行社會保障、構(gòu)建有效的集體安全機(jī)制等。這些努力為戰(zhàn)后世界和平發(fā)展模式的形成發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會基礎(chǔ)；二是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)留給世界的客觀意義上的遺產(chǎn),如各領(lǐng)域的多邊國際制度的建立和健全、戰(zhàn)后普遍出現(xiàn)的福利國家建設(shè)、戰(zhàn)后科學(xué)技術(shù)的變革以及戰(zhàn)爭經(jīng)歷引起的戰(zhàn)爭觀、發(fā)展觀的變遷等。二戰(zhàn)的這些積極遺產(chǎn)在戰(zhàn)后使得和平發(fā)展成為日益占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的世界發(fā)展模式。 戰(zhàn)后世界和平發(fā)展模式的形成和在越來越廣的范圍內(nèi)得到認(rèn)可的事實對戰(zhàn)后世界歷史進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。它促進(jìn)了時代主題的改變,確保了戰(zhàn)后世界整體和平的出現(xiàn),也帶來了人類社會財富的極大繁榮,以和平而非戰(zhàn)爭、征服的方式把世界日益聯(lián)為一緊密的整體。但在全球化時代的今天,當(dāng)前的世界發(fā)展模式也并非盡善盡美,雖然它較侵略發(fā)展模式有相當(dāng)進(jìn)步性,如它是建立在和平的基礎(chǔ)上,以和平的方式求發(fā)展,但這種發(fā)展是一種不均衡的發(fā)展。由于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)游戲規(guī)則的不合理因素,世界發(fā)展的成果并未能實現(xiàn)合理的共享,國家之間貧富差距日益拉大,任其發(fā)展下去最終會危及到世界的整體和平和發(fā)展,因而這種和平發(fā)展模式下的和平和發(fā)展并不具有可持續(xù)性。如何改善當(dāng)下世界的和平發(fā)展模式,使其向共存、共榮的方向前進(jìn)便成為國際社會的重大關(guān)切之一。 戰(zhàn)后,堅持走社會主義道路的中國政府和人民看到了時代主題轉(zhuǎn)變的歷史方向,堅持發(fā)展中的和平主義,從“和平共處五項原則”到“和平與發(fā)展”時代主題,從“和平發(fā)展”到“和諧世界”,豐富和發(fā)展了世界和平發(fā)展的理論和理念,并在實踐中,結(jié)合本國國情成功走出了一條有中國特色的和平發(fā)展之路。
[Abstract]:As a general war, the Second World War exerted a broad and lasting influence on the post-war world history. One of its manifestations is that it promoted and facilitated the transformation of the world development model from the aggressive development model of pre-war conquest and plunder to the peaceful development model of post-war world equality, coexistence and win-win situation.
In modern times, the aggressive development model of territorial conquest and plunder is the dominant development model of the western world. It is this development model that contributed to the "rise of the West" and created the central-marginal position of the western world and the non-Western world in world politics and economy. At the same time, this pattern of aggressive development reached its peak in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, and began to decline.
The rise and persistence of the mode of aggressive development is the source of the world wars and conflicts since modern times. Its own violence and closeness have created two world wars in the 20th century. But there are limits to this weakening in international politics, which has not led the international community to completely deny that there is still a market for abandoning the policy model of aggression for development, colonial expansion, the close link between imperial construction and economic prosperity, and that wars are still seen by some countries as pursuing their own economic development. Policy tools for social progress.
The outbreak of World War II was the result of the persistence and pursuit of the aggressive development model by some countries in the 1930s. The legacy of World War II to the post-war international community further weakened the existence of the aggressive development model in world politics and economy on the basis of World War I, and promoted the transformation of the world development model to peaceful development. In this paper, the author mainly discusses the important positive heritage of promoting the transformation of the world development model, and divides them into two categories: one is the subjective postwar planning carried out by the Allies during the Second World War on the basis of reflecting on the origin of the outbreak of the Second World War, such as abolishing the colonial system and building stability. These efforts have created political, economic and social foundations for the formation and development of the post-war world peaceful development model. The second is the objective legacy of the Second World War, such as the establishment of multilateral international systems in various fields. These positive legacies of the Second World War have made peaceful development an increasingly dominant mode of world development.
The formation of the model of world peace and development after the war and the fact that it has been accepted in a wider and wider scope have exerted a far-reaching influence on the process of world history after the war. It has promoted the change of the theme of the times, ensured the emergence of the whole world peace after the war, and also brought about the great prosperity of the wealth of human society, in a way of peace rather than war and conquest. The world is increasingly united as a whole. But today, in the era of globalization, the current world development model is not perfect. Although it is quite progressive compared with the aggressive development model, for example, it is based on peace and seeks development in a peaceful way, it is an unbalanced development. The unreasonable factors of the play rules, the unreasonable sharing of the achievements of world development, the widening gap between the rich and the poor among countries, and any development of the play will ultimately endanger the overall peace and development of the world. Therefore, the peace and development under this model of peaceful development are not sustainable. How to improve the peaceful development of the present world It has become one of the major concerns of the international community to make it progress in the direction of coexistence and common prosperity.
After the war, the Chinese government and people who insisted on the socialist road saw the historical direction of the change of the theme of the times, adhered to the pacifism in development, from the "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" to the "Peace and Development" theme of the times, and from "Peaceful Development" to "Harmonious World", enriched and developed the theories and concepts of world peace and development. And in practice, combined with its own national conditions, we have successfully embark on a road of peaceful development with Chinese characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K152;K153

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