【摘要】： 西伯利亞政治流放作為一種社會(huì)控制的手段，從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了19世紀(jì)沙皇俄國(guó)專制統(tǒng)治逐漸走向衰落和民主革命興起的過(guò)程，對(duì)19世紀(jì)的沙皇俄國(guó)的歷史、文化產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。在沙皇俄國(guó)的其他國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)的相互配合下，19世紀(jì)的西伯利亞政治流放漸成系統(tǒng)，成為當(dāng)時(shí)一個(gè)顯著的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，并產(chǎn)生了大量的反映這種社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品。對(duì)19世紀(jì)西伯利亞政治流放做一個(gè)立體的考察是為必要。 第一章主要介紹了三點(diǎn)：第三廳的設(shè)置與西伯利亞政治流放的關(guān)系；教育控制與西伯利亞政治流放的關(guān)系；書(shū)刊檢查制度與西伯利亞政治流放的關(guān)系。通過(guò)對(duì)以上三點(diǎn)的考察，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)19世紀(jì)的沙俄專制政府主要采取兩種手法來(lái)加強(qiáng)對(duì)社會(huì)的控制：一是通過(guò)對(duì)教育和出版物的控制來(lái)加強(qiáng)社會(huì)控制；二是通過(guò)特務(wù)、密探、憲兵和警察，用逮捕、監(jiān)禁和流放的形式來(lái)加強(qiáng)控制。隨著時(shí)間的發(fā)展，社會(huì)思潮的涌動(dòng)，，第二種手法在沙皇社會(huì)控制中占據(jù)著越來(lái)越重要的位置。 第二章主要介紹了政治流放犯的基本生活狀況。尤其通過(guò)對(duì)政治流放犯刑滿釋放后的生活狀況的考察可以看出，從第一代革命者——十二月黨人開(kāi)始沙皇當(dāng)局的政治流放并沒(méi)有達(dá)到它想要的效果。革命者并沒(méi)有因?yàn)樯郴实臍埍┒艞壛死^續(xù)斗爭(zhēng)，相反，參與斗爭(zhēng)的人開(kāi)始從上層逐步走向下層，規(guī)模也越來(lái)越大。到了19世紀(jì)末，政治流放愈益無(wú)力，逃跑成為屢見(jiàn)不鮮的事情。最重要的是政治流放并沒(méi)有改變政治犯的信念，無(wú)論在流放地還是流放結(jié)束后他們繼續(xù)從事著反對(duì)沙皇專制統(tǒng)治的斗爭(zhēng)。 第三章主要介紹了19世紀(jì)西伯利亞政治流放的特點(diǎn)和影響。19世紀(jì)西伯利亞政治流放主要有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)，首先是人數(shù)多、范圍廣，政治迫害漸成系統(tǒng)；其次是政治流放的隨意性。西伯利亞政治流放不僅同俄國(guó)革命運(yùn)動(dòng)密切相關(guān)，而且政治流放犯的活動(dòng)也成為俄國(guó)社會(huì)文化及思想史不可分割的重要組成部分，并在大規(guī)模政治流放的過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了民族融合的現(xiàn)象，影響深遠(yuǎn)。
[Abstract]:As a means of social control, Siberian political exile reflects the decline of Russian autocracy and the rise of democratic revolution in the 19th century, and the history of the Tsar Russia in the 19th century. Culture has had an important influence. The political exile of Siberia in the 19th century gradually became a remarkable social phenomenon and produced a large number of literary and artistic works reflecting this social reality under the cooperation of other state organs of the Czarist Russia. It is necessary to make a stereoscopic study of the political exile of Siberia in the 19 th century. The first chapter mainly introduces three points: the relationship between the establishment of the third room and the Siberian political exile, the relationship between educational control and Siberian political exile, and the relationship between the censorship system and the Siberian political exile. Through the inspection of the above three points, we can find that the Russian autocratic government in the 19th century mainly adopted two methods to strengthen social control: first, through the control of education and publications; second, through special agents and secret agents. Gendarmerie and police, using arrest, imprisonment and exile to strengthen control. With the development of time and the surge of social thoughts, the second method occupies a more and more important position in the czar social control. The second chapter mainly introduces the basic living conditions of political exile criminals. Especially through the investigation of the living conditions of the political exile criminals after their release from prison, it can be seen that the political exile of the czar authorities from the first generation of revolutionaries to the December party did not achieve the desired effect. The revolutionaries did not give up on the struggle because of the czar's cruelty. On the contrary, the people involved in the struggle began to move gradually from the upper to the lower. By the end of the 19 th century, political exile had grown weaker, and flight was commonplace. Above all, political exile did not change the convictions of political prisoners, who continued their struggle against the czarist despotism, both in exile and after exile. The third chapter mainly introduces the characteristics and influence of the political exile of Siberia in the 19th century. There are two main characteristics of the political exile in Siberia in the 19th century. The Siberian political exile was not only closely related to the Russian revolutionary movement, but also became an integral part of the history of Russian social culture and thought. And in the process of large-scale political exile, the phenomenon of ethnic integration, far-reaching impact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K512.3

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