英國(guó)廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-07 21:39
【摘要】： 英國(guó)奴隸貿(mào)易歷時(shí)245年,它由盲目性的海盜式貿(mào)易發(fā)展成為世界上最龐大的、組織體系健全的“合法貿(mào)易”,幾乎所有的領(lǐng)域都與其有著不同程度的關(guān)聯(lián),而且,其存在的根基——殖民地奴隸制“日臻完善”。1783年以前,在奴隸貿(mào)易問(wèn)題上,英國(guó)各個(gè)階層幾乎是完全一致的支持態(tài)度,這樣就決定了英國(guó)廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)必須走一條復(fù)雜而曲折的道路。 基于宗教倫理的人道主義是英國(guó)早期反對(duì)奴隸貿(mào)易的基本指導(dǎo)思想,人道主義者用它制止了奴隸制之魔爪伸向英倫三島,從此拉開(kāi)了廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)的序幕。1787年,倫敦廢除奴隸貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)建立后,廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)入組織化、系統(tǒng)化的階段。廢奴主義者四處收集有關(guān)證據(jù)并公布于眾,經(jīng)過(guò)多年的努力,改變了英國(guó)公眾對(duì)奴隸貿(mào)易無(wú)知的狀況,沉默之墻終于開(kāi)裂。 英國(guó)男性廢奴主義者一直認(rèn)為“廢除了奴隸貿(mào)易,奴隸制自然也就消失”,因而把目標(biāo)集中在廢除奴隸貿(mào)易之上。這種理論認(rèn)識(shí)不僅影響廢奴主義者的策略,還左右英國(guó)政府制定廢奴決議。但它是本末倒置的理論,導(dǎo)致治標(biāo)不治本的方案出臺(tái),失敗的命運(yùn)是注定的。 女性廢奴主義者認(rèn)為只有廢除了殖民地的奴隸制,廢除奴隸貿(mào)易才能實(shí)現(xiàn),并建立女性廢除奴隸制組織,而且始終從廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)的全局出發(fā),在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻為廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)注入了活力,她們的觀點(diǎn)也發(fā)展為廢除奴隸制的指導(dǎo)思想。與此同時(shí),英國(guó)議會(huì)改革的勝利為廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)提供了政治保障;外交方面的勝利為全面廢除奴隸貿(mào)易和奴隸制開(kāi)了方便之門(mén);廢奴協(xié)會(huì)組織的民眾請(qǐng)?jiān)富顒?dòng)和消費(fèi)抵制活動(dòng)促使英國(guó)政府必須盡快采取有效措施廢除奴隸貿(mào)易和奴隸制。 在廢奴主義者的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,團(tuán)結(jié)一切可團(tuán)結(jié)的力量,英國(guó)廢奴運(yùn)動(dòng)最終取得了勝利,其意義和影響非同凡響,但其結(jié)果也值得進(jìn)一步反思。
[Abstract]:The British slave trade, which lasted 245 years, evolved from a blind pirate trade into the world's largest, well-organized "legal trade", with almost all areas related to it to varying degrees, and, The root of its existence, colonial slavery, was "getting better and better". Before 1783, there was almost complete support from all sectors of Britain on the issue of the slave trade. This decided that the British abolitionist movement had to follow a complicated and tortuous road. Humanitarianism based on religious ethics was the basic guiding ideology of the early British opposition to the slave trade, which was used by humanitarians to stop slavery from spreading to the three British islands, and the prologue of the abolitionist movement began in 1787. After the establishment of the London Association for the abolition of Slave Trade, the abolitionist movement entered a stage of systematization and systematization. The abolitionists gathered evidence and made it public. After years of hard work, the wall of silence finally broke down after years of effort to change the ignorance of the British public about the slave trade. British male abolitionists always thought that the abolition of the slave trade, slavery would naturally disappear, so focused on the abolition of the slave trade. This theory not only influenced the abolitionist strategy, but also influenced the British government to make abolitionist decisions. However, it is the theory of putting the cart before the horse, leading to the introduction of a palliative and permanent solution, and the fate of failure is doomed. The female abolitionists held that only by abolishing colonial slavery and abolishing the slave trade could the abolition of slavery be realized, and the female abolitionist organization should be established, and the abolitionist movement had always been enlivened by the abolitionist movement at the critical moment. Their views also developed into guidelines for the abolition of slavery. At the same time, the victory of British parliamentary reform provided political guarantee for the abolitionist movement, and diplomatic victory opened the way for the total abolition of the slave trade and slavery. The popular petitions and consumer boycotts organized by the abolitionist Association urge the British government to take effective measures to abolish the slave trade and slavery as soon as possible. Under the leadership of abolitionists, the abolitionist unifies all the forces that can be United. The English abolitionist movement has finally won the victory, its significance and influence is extraordinary, but its result also deserves further reflection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K561.43
本文編號(hào)：2171427
[Abstract]:The British slave trade, which lasted 245 years, evolved from a blind pirate trade into the world's largest, well-organized "legal trade", with almost all areas related to it to varying degrees, and, The root of its existence, colonial slavery, was "getting better and better". Before 1783, there was almost complete support from all sectors of Britain on the issue of the slave trade. This decided that the British abolitionist movement had to follow a complicated and tortuous road. Humanitarianism based on religious ethics was the basic guiding ideology of the early British opposition to the slave trade, which was used by humanitarians to stop slavery from spreading to the three British islands, and the prologue of the abolitionist movement began in 1787. After the establishment of the London Association for the abolition of Slave Trade, the abolitionist movement entered a stage of systematization and systematization. The abolitionists gathered evidence and made it public. After years of hard work, the wall of silence finally broke down after years of effort to change the ignorance of the British public about the slave trade. British male abolitionists always thought that the abolition of the slave trade, slavery would naturally disappear, so focused on the abolition of the slave trade. This theory not only influenced the abolitionist strategy, but also influenced the British government to make abolitionist decisions. However, it is the theory of putting the cart before the horse, leading to the introduction of a palliative and permanent solution, and the fate of failure is doomed. The female abolitionists held that only by abolishing colonial slavery and abolishing the slave trade could the abolition of slavery be realized, and the female abolitionist organization should be established, and the abolitionist movement had always been enlivened by the abolitionist movement at the critical moment. Their views also developed into guidelines for the abolition of slavery. At the same time, the victory of British parliamentary reform provided political guarantee for the abolitionist movement, and diplomatic victory opened the way for the total abolition of the slave trade and slavery. The popular petitions and consumer boycotts organized by the abolitionist Association urge the British government to take effective measures to abolish the slave trade and slavery as soon as possible. Under the leadership of abolitionists, the abolitionist unifies all the forces that can be United. The English abolitionist movement has finally won the victory, its significance and influence is extraordinary, but its result also deserves further reflection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K561.43
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