【摘要】：也門是一個(gè)擁有三千多年文明的國(guó)家,被稱為阿拉伯古代文明的搖籃之一,有“綠色也門”和“幸福也門”之稱。也門在歷史上曾先后遭受埃塞俄比亞王國(guó)、波斯帝國(guó)、奧斯曼帝國(guó)、英國(guó)等國(guó)的占領(lǐng)和統(tǒng)治。1934年也門在與沙特的邊界爭(zhēng)端中戰(zhàn)敗,隨后,英國(guó)乘機(jī)把也門分裂為南北兩部分。自此,南也門淪為英國(guó)的殖民地,而北也門則處于封建王朝統(tǒng)治之下。 1962年9月26日,在埃及的支持下,北也門自由軍官組織發(fā)動(dòng)政變,推翻巴德?tīng)柾醭慕y(tǒng)治,成立北也門阿拉伯共和國(guó),簡(jiǎn)稱北也門。在北也門政變的影響下,1963年10月14日,南也門爆發(fā)了反對(duì)英國(guó)殖民統(tǒng)治的斗爭(zhēng)。1967年11月30日,南也門宣告獨(dú)立,成立也門人民共和國(guó),簡(jiǎn)稱南也門。在冷戰(zhàn)的國(guó)際環(huán)境下,北也門加入了美國(guó)資本主義陣營(yíng),而南也門加入了蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)。南北也門共和國(guó)成立后,盡管雙方之間存在分歧,但是在也門統(tǒng)一與阿拉伯統(tǒng)一的思想下,在也門人民以及阿拉伯國(guó)家的努力協(xié)商下,1990年5月22日南北實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一。然而,好景不長(zhǎng),在短短的四年里,雙方之間矛盾與分歧層出不窮,再加上原有的積怨,1994年5月4日,內(nèi)戰(zhàn)再次爆發(fā),北也門以其軍事優(yōu)勢(shì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了國(guó)家的統(tǒng)一 第一章簡(jiǎn)要介紹也門的概況,包括地理環(huán)境、人口、民族、語(yǔ)言、歷史及文化。 第二章首先分析了統(tǒng)一思想的興起和南北也門的建立,在此基礎(chǔ)上,多角度分析歸納了也門統(tǒng)一的有利因素與不利因素,從而找出南北統(tǒng)一的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題所在。 第三章就南北也門的統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程做了重點(diǎn)分析。首先將這一統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程劃分六個(gè)階段,再分階段進(jìn)行論述。其次,南北也門實(shí)現(xiàn)初步統(tǒng)一。最后,又分兩部分論述了南北也門在初步統(tǒng)一后所面臨的困境,以及政府為解決這些困難所采取的措施,反映了也門統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程的長(zhǎng)期性、曲折性、復(fù)雜性過(guò)程,體現(xiàn)了南北也門之間的分歧與沖突。 第四章重點(diǎn)分析也門內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。也門初步實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一后,南北之間名義上是一個(gè)國(guó)家,但內(nèi)部矛盾不斷激化,再加上風(fēng)云突變的國(guó)際環(huán)境,使統(tǒng)一后的也門再次陷入困境,原有的統(tǒng)一再次分裂。最后,經(jīng)過(guò)一場(chǎng)內(nèi)戰(zhàn),也門重新獲得了統(tǒng)一 第五章從國(guó)內(nèi)環(huán)境和國(guó)際環(huán)境分析也門在統(tǒng)一后的發(fā)展趨向,重點(diǎn)分析了政治改革、經(jīng)濟(jì)改革和對(duì)外關(guān)系的改善三個(gè)方面。 結(jié)語(yǔ)部分分析總結(jié)了也門統(tǒng)一的啟示。
[Abstract]:Yemen is a country with more than 3,000 years of civilization, known as one of the cradle of ancient Arab civilization, "green Yemen" and "happy Yemen." Yemen has been occupied and ruled by Ethiopia, Persia, Ottoman and Britain in its history. In 1934, Yemen was defeated in a border dispute with Saudi Arabia, and then Britain took the opportunity to divide Yemen into two parts. Since then, South Yemen has been a British colony, while Northern Yemen has been under feudal rule. On September 26, 1962, with the support of Egypt, the Northern Yemeni Free military Officer Group staged a coup to overthrow the Badrel dynasty. The establishment of the North Yemen Arab Republic, referred to as North Yemen. Under the influence of the coup d'茅 tat in North Yemen, the struggle against British colonial rule broke out in South Yemen on October 14, 1963. On November 30, 1967, South Yemen declared its independence and established the people's Republic of Yemen. In the international context of the cold war, North Yemen joined the American capitalist camp, while South Yemen joined the Soviet Socialist camp. After the establishment of the Republic of Yemen, despite the differences between the two sides, under the thought of the unity of Yemen and the Arab unity, and through the efforts of the Yemeni people and the Arab countries, the reunification of the North and the South was achieved on 22 May 1990. However, in a short period of four years, conflicts and differences between the two sides have sprung up, together with old grievances, and on May 4, 1994, the civil war broke out again. The first chapter briefly introduces the general situation of Yemen, including its geographical environment, population, nationality, language, history and culture. The second chapter firstly analyzes the rise of the unification thought and the establishment of the north and south Yemen. On this basis, it analyzes and sums up the favorable and unfavorable factors of the unification of Yemen from many angles, and finds out the key problems of the unification of the north and south. The third chapter focuses on the process of unification of North and South Yemen. First of all, this unified process is divided into six stages, and then discussed in stages. Second, South-North Yemen to achieve initial reunification. Finally, it also discusses in two parts the difficulties faced by North and South Yemen after its initial reunification, as well as the measures taken by the Government to resolve these difficulties, which reflect the long-term, tortuous and complex process of the Yemeni reunification process. This reflects the differences and conflicts between North and South Yemen. The fourth chapter focuses on the analysis of Yemen's civil war. After the initial reunification of Yemen, the north and south are nominally a country, but the internal contradictions are constantly intensified, coupled with the sudden changes in the international environment, after the reunification of Yemen again into difficulties, the original unity again split. Finally, after a civil war, Yemen regained its unity in Chapter V to analyze Yemen's development trend after reunification from the domestic and international environment, focusing on political reform. Economic reform and improvement of foreign relations. The conclusion part analyzes and summarizes the enlightenment of Yemen unification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K393

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本文編號(hào)：2171309