【摘要】：民族國(guó)家的興起是英國(guó)歷史進(jìn)程中極具影響力的變革事件。作為一種新型的國(guó)家類(lèi)型它破除了之前獨(dú)立的教會(huì)勢(shì)力與封建割據(jù)思想,同時(shí)還有力地推動(dòng)了資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。城市作為英國(guó)歷史進(jìn)程中非常重要的變革因素,與民族國(guó)家的形成有著非常緊密的聯(lián)系。本文以城市為出發(fā)點(diǎn),研究其與英國(guó)民族國(guó)家形成的關(guān)系,從而揭示城市在其形成過(guò)程中的地位作用。在本文的緒論部分梳理了學(xué)界關(guān)于民族國(guó)家以及英國(guó)城市史的的論著和學(xué)者觀點(diǎn)。 本文第一章考察了城市經(jīng)濟(jì)與近代早期英國(guó)民族經(jīng)濟(jì)體系形成的關(guān)系。國(guó)內(nèi)統(tǒng)一民族市場(chǎng)的建立是城市發(fā)展引起的最重要的變化之一,它也刺激了英國(guó)政治上的變化。英國(guó)政府在此時(shí)期開(kāi)始采取“重商主義”政策響應(yīng)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)上的轉(zhuǎn)變,對(duì)內(nèi)驅(qū)逐漢薩商人以保護(hù)本國(guó)商人利益,對(duì)外通過(guò)《航海條例》等措施保護(hù)其在海外利益。這不僅促進(jìn)了英國(guó)民族經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,更在思想上掀起了一股經(jīng)濟(jì)民族主義思潮。正是城市工商業(yè)者和英國(guó)政府的通力配合促進(jìn)了民族國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的形成,建立了民族國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。 本文第二章具體考察了城市政治與英國(guó)民族國(guó)家形成的關(guān)系。城市政治在英國(guó)民族國(guó)家形成中起到了非常重要的作用。首先是在英國(guó)主權(quán)初立時(shí)期,城市支持了王權(quán)對(duì)羅馬教權(quán)的合并。同時(shí)城市政府內(nèi)部進(jìn)行了一系列行政體制的創(chuàng)建,促進(jìn)了英國(guó)民族國(guó)家行政制度的創(chuàng)建。在之后的英國(guó)議會(huì)與王權(quán)爭(zhēng)斗時(shí)期。城市政治呈現(xiàn)出兩面性：一方面由于城市議席的增加為議會(huì)力量增強(qiáng)提供了客觀助力：另一方面城市內(nèi)部寡頭制的興盛也加強(qiáng)了王權(quán)的統(tǒng)治基礎(chǔ)。這既反映了英國(guó)政治發(fā)展的沖突性,又顯示出城市有效地維護(hù)了民族國(guó)家結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。而從內(nèi)戰(zhàn)到《權(quán)利法案》頒布期間,自治城市開(kāi)始逐步受到中央政府的直接控制,最終融入到英國(guó)近代國(guó)家的政治軌道,促進(jìn)了現(xiàn)代民族國(guó)家政治制度的正式確立。 本文第三章具體分析了城市在英國(guó)民族國(guó)家意識(shí)形成過(guò)程中的作用。以布里斯托爾城市的事件為例,城市地方主義意識(shí)在英國(guó)民族國(guó)家建立過(guò)程中向民族國(guó)家意識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變。同時(shí)在城市民主選拔的過(guò)程中,城市民主思想萌芽出現(xiàn),這也表明民族國(guó)家意識(shí)中民主思想的出現(xiàn)。 本文結(jié)論,城市作為一種變革因素,在經(jīng)濟(jì)政治思想各個(gè)層面對(duì)英國(guó)民族國(guó)家的建立起到了推動(dòng)作用。
[Abstract]:The rise of nation-state is an influential event in British history. As a new type of state, it broke down the former independent church forces and feudal separatist ideology, but also promoted the development of capitalist economy. As an important factor of change in British history, cities are closely related to the formation of nation-state. This paper takes the city as the starting point, studies the relationship between the city and the British nation-state, thus reveals the role of the city in the formation of the city. In the introduction part of this paper, the academic literature on the nation state and the history of British cities and scholars' views are combed. The first chapter examines the relationship between urban economy and the formation of British national economy in the early modern times. The establishment of domestic unified national market is one of the most important changes caused by urban development. In this period, the British government began to adopt the "mercantilism" policy in response to the change of national economy, expelling Hanseatic merchants internally to protect the interests of their own businessmen, and protecting their interests abroad through such measures as the Maritime regulations. This not only promoted the development of British national economy, but also raised an economic nationalism ideological trend. It is the cooperation of the urban businessmen and the British government that promotes the formation of the national economic policy and establishes the national economic system. The second chapter examines the relationship between urban politics and the formation of British nation-state. Urban politics plays a very important role in the formation of the British nation-state. First, in the early days of British sovereignty, cities supported Wang Quan's merger of Roman religious rights. At the same time, a series of administrative systems were established within the city government, which promoted the establishment of the administrative system of the British nation state. After that, the British Parliament fought with Wang Quan. There are two sides in urban politics: on the one hand, the increase of city seats provides objective help for the strengthening of parliamentary power; on the other hand, the prosperity of the oligarchic system within the city also strengthens the ruling foundation of Wang Quan. This not only reflects the conflict of British political development, but also shows that cities effectively maintain the stability of nation-state structure. During the period from the Civil War to the promulgation of the Bill of Rights, the autonomous cities were gradually controlled by the central government and eventually integrated into the political orbit of the modern British state, which promoted the establishment of the political system of the modern nation-state. The third chapter analyzes the role of cities in the formation of British national consciousness. Taking the events in Bristol as an example, the consciousness of urban localism changed to the consciousness of nation-state in the process of the establishment of British nation-state. At the same time, in the process of urban democratic selection, urban democratic thought sprout, which also indicates the emergence of democratic thought in national consciousness. This paper concludes that cities, as a factor of change, have played a role in promoting the establishment of the British nation-state at all levels of economic and political thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K561

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