古希臘戲劇與雅典政制
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-23 18:25
【摘要】：在西方古典時(shí)代鼎盛一時(shí)的希臘城邦民主制度和文學(xué)藝術(shù)是西方文明發(fā)端時(shí)期的一種奇觀。先進(jìn)的社會(huì)組織的建立和崛起，杰出的審美文化成就的繁榮，代表著古希臘社會(huì)文明的歷史高度，這一切在文明史領(lǐng)域都具有重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值。本文所研討的課題——古希臘戲劇和雅典政制——主要是考察探究以下問題：古希臘戲劇(主要是三大悲劇家的作品)和雅典政制相互依存而發(fā)展的方式和規(guī)律；古希臘戲劇和雅典政制的相互影響，相互制約。這一研究工作的重點(diǎn)，是戲劇藝術(shù)和社會(huì)政制之間相互作用的規(guī)律。進(jìn)行這一研究的目的，是增進(jìn)對(duì)這一古老的課題的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)。 為了達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)，本文首先追溯了古希臘戲劇的起源情況，分析了古希臘戲劇的藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)，以便說明古希臘戲劇的社會(huì)歷史意義和藝術(shù)精神內(nèi)涵。揭示古希臘戲劇所以發(fā)生的根源，同時(shí)也附帶說明了古希臘民主政治共同前進(jìn)，達(dá)到歷史峰巔的歷史淵源。 接下來，本文簡(jiǎn)要地雅典政制的發(fā)展歷程，主要揭示了該政治體系在古典城邦時(shí)代實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)步的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)和它所提出的文化要求。雅典民主政制的建立和發(fā)展起因于雅典社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)的矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)和希臘世界各城邦之間的矛盾關(guān)系的變化。具體地說，雅典政制乃是雅典社會(huì)各階級(jí)、各集團(tuán)之間為了維護(hù)各自的經(jīng)濟(jì)政治利益而結(jié)成的契約形式。雅典社會(huì)是依據(jù)自身獨(dú)特的歷史背景和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)而選擇高度發(fā)達(dá)的民主政制形式的。這一歷史抉擇的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)(雖然在一定程度上是雅典人不自覺選擇的結(jié)果)是要克服城邦內(nèi)部的沖突，維護(hù)各種力量之間的相互制約、相互合作的關(guān)系，保護(hù)和激勵(lì)雅典民眾的主體實(shí)踐能力，以便與周邊城邦的敵對(duì)勢(shì)力相抗衡，進(jìn)而達(dá)到擴(kuò)張雅典城邦的勢(shì)力范圍、主宰其他城邦命運(yùn)和控制地中海的戰(zhàn)略目的。 在上述城邦內(nèi)外矛盾的推動(dòng)下，雅典社會(huì)逐漸從社會(huì)管理的自發(fā) 階段發(fā)展到了自覺階段，同時(shí)也進(jìn)入了藝術(shù)和思想文化大事建設(shè)的歷 史階段。幾乎所有的雅典民眾都熱切地投入了戲劇演出活動(dòng)，特別是 悲劇的演出活動(dòng)。雅典公民除了憑借雕塑藝術(shù)、建筑藝術(shù)和繪畫藝術(shù) 使城邦文化生活名揚(yáng)四海之外，還踴躍參與和支持戲劇活動(dòng)，特別是 參與悲劇演出的活動(dòng)，以此弘揚(yáng)城邦精神。雅典戲劇事業(yè)就這樣形成 為公民教育的大課堂，公民信仰的大教堂和公民審美陶冶的場(chǎng)所。 雅典城邦在從貴族政體轉(zhuǎn)變到寡頭政治，再到民主政制的歷史進(jìn) 程中，解放了自己的平民中蘊(yùn)藏的巨大潛力。這就保障了城邦經(jīng)濟(jì)的 高速發(fā)展，也迅速地增強(qiáng)了城邦的實(shí)力。這也為雅典公民奠定了審美 活動(dòng)以及戲劇活動(dòng)的對(duì)象性基礎(chǔ)，培育了具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)精神的審美主體。 這一切便造就了古希臘戲劇藝術(shù)獨(dú)步劇壇，其成就令后人難以企及的 歷史記錄。 此外，本文還從矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)和矛盾特征的角度具體分析了古希臘戲 劇的歷史進(jìn)步作用，指出了古希臘戲劇作為雅典政制的倡導(dǎo)者和批評(píng) 者，對(duì)雅典政制所產(chǎn)生的積極作用，也說明了后者對(duì)前者所發(fā)生的影 響。同時(shí)，本文還闡述了雅典社會(huì)和古希臘戲劇在發(fā)展中各自出現(xiàn)的 政治性質(zhì)的變化和藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的變化，以及這些變化之間的聯(lián)系。這種 變化和聯(lián)系的關(guān)鍵原因是社會(huì)民主政制的盛衰(例如公民大會(huì)的性質(zhì) 演變，城邦政制中權(quán)力體系的性質(zhì)變化，城邦經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的虛華脆弱等)，， 古希臘戲劇的藝術(shù)內(nèi)涵和藝術(shù)風(fēng)格也隨之發(fā)生了相應(yīng)的變化。就是說， 悲劇的主導(dǎo)地位逐漸為譏諷時(shí)政的喜劇所取代，政治權(quán)力出現(xiàn)了兼并 的趨勢(shì)，社會(huì)等級(jí)的分化也加劇了城邦沖突，這表明雅典政制的危機(jī) 也隨之加深了。于是，具有否定涵義的喜劇藝術(shù)便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。然而， 古希臘藝術(shù)的形式變換并沒有改變對(duì)歷史事變的積極反應(yīng)，直到它所 依據(jù)的遭到徹底的破壞。 最后，本文還以公元前5世紀(jì)雅典城邦政制的鼎盛形勢(shì)為中心視 野，分析了雅典社會(huì)危機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，說明了古希臘戲劇對(duì)社會(huì)一般現(xiàn)實(shí)， 包括政治現(xiàn)實(shí)等做出的批評(píng)貢獻(xiàn)，力圖揭示古希臘戲劇藝術(shù)實(shí)際上自 古以來一直在發(fā)揮的作用—社會(huì)事變的預(yù)言者。 總之，是矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)—古希臘城邦社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系之間， 經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和上層建筑之間的矛盾運(yùn)動(dòng)一一決定了雅典城邦的歷史命 運(yùn)。古希臘文學(xué)藝術(shù)盡管存在過相當(dāng)?shù)姆睒s，取得了深刻的思想成就， 但最終仍沒能改變城邦制度的歷史命運(yùn)。而這一命運(yùn)留給后人很多歷 史的教訓(xùn)。文學(xué)的歷史發(fā)展通常總是受到社會(huì)一般發(fā)展的制約，這一 藝術(shù)發(fā)展的模式(或者說其他精神文明形式的發(fā)展模式)是建立在我 所總結(jié)的“鐘擺式對(duì)稱性文藝發(fā)展規(guī)律”基礎(chǔ)上的。
[Abstract]:The Greek city state democracy and literature and art at the peak of the western classical times are a spectacle of the beginning of the Western civilization. The establishment and rise of the advanced social organizations and the prosperity of the outstanding aesthetic cultural achievements represent the historical height of the ancient Greek social civilization, which has important research value in the field of civilization history. The topics discussed in this paper - Ancient Greek drama and Athens's political system - mainly investigate and explore the following questions: the ancient Greek Drama (the works of the three major tragedies) and the ways and laws of the development of the political system of Athens; the interaction between the ancient Greek drama and the political system of Athens. The focus of this research work is on the mutual influence of the ancient Greek drama and the political system of Athens. The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding and understanding of this ancient subject.
In order to achieve this goal, this article first traces back to the origin of ancient Greek drama, analyzes the artistic features of ancient Greek drama, in order to explain the social and historical significance and artistic spirit of ancient Greek drama, to reveal the origin of the ancient Greek drama, and also to explain the common progress of the ancient Greek democracy. The historical origin of the peak of the peak of history.
Then, this article briefly introduces the development process of the political system in Athens, which mainly reveals the social foundation and the cultural requirements of the political system in the era of classical polis. The establishment and development of the democratic system of Athens is based on the contradiction between the contradiction movement of the social foundation of Athens and the contradictions between the various cities of the Greek world. In body, the political system of Athens is a form of contract formed between the various classes of the Athens society and between the groups in order to maintain their respective economic and political interests. The society of Athens is a highly developed democratic form of political system based on its own unique historical background and social structure. The result of the unconsciously chosen of the people of Athens) is to overcome the internal conflicts in the city states, to safeguard the mutual restriction and to cooperate with each other, to protect and stimulate the practical ability of the people of Athens, in order to counteract the hostile forces of the surrounding city states, and then to expand the sphere of influence of the Athens city-state and dominate the fate of the other city states. The strategic aim of controlling the Mediterranean.
Driven by the internal and external contradictions of the above city states, Athens's society gradually evolved from the spontaneity of social management.
The stage has developed to a conscious stage, and has also entered the calendar of artistic and ideological and cultural events.
In the historical stage, almost all the people in Athens have devoted themselves to theatrical activities, especially
In addition to relying on sculpture, architectural art and painting art, Athens citizens perform their activities.
Besides making the city's cultural life famous, it also enthusiastically participates in and supports dramatic activities, especially
To participate in the performance of the tragic performance, in order to carry forward the spirit of the city, the drama career in Athens thus formed.
It is a large classroom for civic education, a cathedral with civic belief and a place for civic aesthetic cultivation.
Athens city states are changing from aristocratic regime to oligarchy to the history of democratic politics.
In the process, the great potential hidden in their civilians has been liberated. This ensures the economy of the city states.
The rapid development has also rapidly enhanced the strength of the polis. This has also laid an aesthetic value for the citizens of Athens.
The objective basis of activities and drama activities has created an aesthetic subject with original spirit.
All this has created the unique theatre of ancient Greek drama, and its achievements are beyond the reach of posterity.
Historical records.
In addition, this article also analyzes the ancient Greek drama from the angle of contradictory movement and contradictory characteristics.
The historical progress of the play pointed out that the ancient Greek drama as an advocate and criticism of Athens's political system.
The positive effect of Athens on the political system also shows the latter's influence on the former.
At the same time, this article also expounds the emergence of Athens society and ancient Greek drama in their development.
The change of political nature and the change of artistic style as well as the connection between these changes.
The key reason for change and connection is the rise and fall of social democratic system (for example, the nature of the civil Conference).
The evolution of the system of power in the city political system, the vanity of the city economy, and so on.
The artistic connotation and artistic style of ancient Greek drama also changed accordingly.
The leading position of tragedy gradually replaced the comedy of satire of current politics, and the merger of political power appeared.
The trend of social class differentiation also aggravated the conflict of city states, which indicated the crisis of Athens's political system.
As a result, the comedy art with negative meaning came into being.
The transformation of form in ancient Greek art did not change the positive reaction to historical events until it came to an end.
The basis was completely destroyed.
Finally, this article also focuses on the prosperity of Athens polis in fifth Century BC.
Wild, analyzed the emergence of social crisis in Athens, and illustrated the general reality of ancient Greek drama to society.
Including the criticism and contributions made by the political reality, trying to reveal the fact that the ancient Greek drama art is actually self.
The role that has been played since ancient times - the prophet of social events.
In short, it is a contradiction movement between the productivity and production relations of the ancient Greek city states.
The contradictory movement between the economic base and superstructure determines the historical life of Athens city states.
Although there has been considerable prosperity in ancient Greek literature and art, profound ideological achievements have been achieved.
But in the end, it failed to change the historical destiny of the polis system.
The historical development of literature is usually restricted by the general development of society.
The mode of artistic development (or the development mode of other forms of spiritual civilization) is based on me.
Based on the summary of the "pendulum symmetry development rule of literature and art".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：K125
本文編號(hào)：2140243
[Abstract]:The Greek city state democracy and literature and art at the peak of the western classical times are a spectacle of the beginning of the Western civilization. The establishment and rise of the advanced social organizations and the prosperity of the outstanding aesthetic cultural achievements represent the historical height of the ancient Greek social civilization, which has important research value in the field of civilization history. The topics discussed in this paper - Ancient Greek drama and Athens's political system - mainly investigate and explore the following questions: the ancient Greek Drama (the works of the three major tragedies) and the ways and laws of the development of the political system of Athens; the interaction between the ancient Greek drama and the political system of Athens. The focus of this research work is on the mutual influence of the ancient Greek drama and the political system of Athens. The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding and understanding of this ancient subject.
In order to achieve this goal, this article first traces back to the origin of ancient Greek drama, analyzes the artistic features of ancient Greek drama, in order to explain the social and historical significance and artistic spirit of ancient Greek drama, to reveal the origin of the ancient Greek drama, and also to explain the common progress of the ancient Greek democracy. The historical origin of the peak of the peak of history.
Then, this article briefly introduces the development process of the political system in Athens, which mainly reveals the social foundation and the cultural requirements of the political system in the era of classical polis. The establishment and development of the democratic system of Athens is based on the contradiction between the contradiction movement of the social foundation of Athens and the contradictions between the various cities of the Greek world. In body, the political system of Athens is a form of contract formed between the various classes of the Athens society and between the groups in order to maintain their respective economic and political interests. The society of Athens is a highly developed democratic form of political system based on its own unique historical background and social structure. The result of the unconsciously chosen of the people of Athens) is to overcome the internal conflicts in the city states, to safeguard the mutual restriction and to cooperate with each other, to protect and stimulate the practical ability of the people of Athens, in order to counteract the hostile forces of the surrounding city states, and then to expand the sphere of influence of the Athens city-state and dominate the fate of the other city states. The strategic aim of controlling the Mediterranean.
Driven by the internal and external contradictions of the above city states, Athens's society gradually evolved from the spontaneity of social management.
The stage has developed to a conscious stage, and has also entered the calendar of artistic and ideological and cultural events.
In the historical stage, almost all the people in Athens have devoted themselves to theatrical activities, especially
In addition to relying on sculpture, architectural art and painting art, Athens citizens perform their activities.
Besides making the city's cultural life famous, it also enthusiastically participates in and supports dramatic activities, especially
To participate in the performance of the tragic performance, in order to carry forward the spirit of the city, the drama career in Athens thus formed.
It is a large classroom for civic education, a cathedral with civic belief and a place for civic aesthetic cultivation.
Athens city states are changing from aristocratic regime to oligarchy to the history of democratic politics.
In the process, the great potential hidden in their civilians has been liberated. This ensures the economy of the city states.
The rapid development has also rapidly enhanced the strength of the polis. This has also laid an aesthetic value for the citizens of Athens.
The objective basis of activities and drama activities has created an aesthetic subject with original spirit.
All this has created the unique theatre of ancient Greek drama, and its achievements are beyond the reach of posterity.
Historical records.
In addition, this article also analyzes the ancient Greek drama from the angle of contradictory movement and contradictory characteristics.
The historical progress of the play pointed out that the ancient Greek drama as an advocate and criticism of Athens's political system.
The positive effect of Athens on the political system also shows the latter's influence on the former.
At the same time, this article also expounds the emergence of Athens society and ancient Greek drama in their development.
The change of political nature and the change of artistic style as well as the connection between these changes.
The key reason for change and connection is the rise and fall of social democratic system (for example, the nature of the civil Conference).
The evolution of the system of power in the city political system, the vanity of the city economy, and so on.
The artistic connotation and artistic style of ancient Greek drama also changed accordingly.
The leading position of tragedy gradually replaced the comedy of satire of current politics, and the merger of political power appeared.
The trend of social class differentiation also aggravated the conflict of city states, which indicated the crisis of Athens's political system.
As a result, the comedy art with negative meaning came into being.
The transformation of form in ancient Greek art did not change the positive reaction to historical events until it came to an end.
The basis was completely destroyed.
Finally, this article also focuses on the prosperity of Athens polis in fifth Century BC.
Wild, analyzed the emergence of social crisis in Athens, and illustrated the general reality of ancient Greek drama to society.
Including the criticism and contributions made by the political reality, trying to reveal the fact that the ancient Greek drama art is actually self.
The role that has been played since ancient times - the prophet of social events.
In short, it is a contradiction movement between the productivity and production relations of the ancient Greek city states.
The contradictory movement between the economic base and superstructure determines the historical life of Athens city states.
Although there has been considerable prosperity in ancient Greek literature and art, profound ideological achievements have been achieved.
But in the end, it failed to change the historical destiny of the polis system.
The historical development of literature is usually restricted by the general development of society.
The mode of artistic development (or the development mode of other forms of spiritual civilization) is based on me.
Based on the summary of the "pendulum symmetry development rule of literature and art".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：K125
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 楊冬曉;析《云》中的詩(shī)與哲學(xué)之爭(zhēng)現(xiàn)象[D];首都師范大學(xué);2008年
本文編號(hào)：2140243
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