【摘要】：漆器作為東方的手工藝品,在西歐人開辟新航路之前就已經(jīng)存在,并且在亞洲內(nèi)部已開展了漆器貿(mào)易。隨著大批的西歐人來到亞洲,大量的漆器銷往西歐,特別是在17世紀(jì)至18世紀(jì)。本文主要探討的是中國、日本與西歐漆器貿(mào)易的興盛條件及貿(mào)易的方式、運(yùn)銷的漆器的數(shù)量、中國和日本外銷漆器在不同時(shí)期的價(jià)格以及西歐人所獲的利潤、漆器貿(mào)易對(duì)于西歐國家產(chǎn)生的影響以及漆器貿(mào)易逐漸衰落的原因。 本文分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分討論了早期漆器貿(mào)易的興起。先從中日兩國間的漆器貿(mào)易入手,探討中國漆器貿(mào)易發(fā)端、中國外銷漆器對(duì)于日本漆器及日本漆器貿(mào)易的影響、中日的漆器貿(mào)易對(duì)于中日與西歐漆器貿(mào)易的影響、早期西歐與中日漆器貿(mào)易。上述這些方面都為17世紀(jì)至18世紀(jì)漆器貿(mào)易奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分討論了17世紀(jì)的中國、日本與西歐漆器貿(mào)易。通過對(duì)于各個(gè)時(shí)期漆器貿(mào)易進(jìn)行分期,探討每一個(gè)時(shí)期漆器貿(mào)易開展的歷史背景、漆器貿(mào)易的運(yùn)銷路線、漆器貿(mào)易的運(yùn)銷方式、漆器貿(mào)易的特點(diǎn)、中日外銷漆器價(jià)格,以及對(duì)于每一個(gè)時(shí)期參與漆器貿(mào)易的西歐國家取得貿(mào)易優(yōu)勢的分析,清晰地勾勒出中日與西歐漆器貿(mào)易的全景�？偟膩碚f,各國的海上力量、與中日統(tǒng)治之間關(guān)系的維系和擁有地理位置較為優(yōu)越的貿(mào)易中轉(zhuǎn)站是取得貿(mào)易的關(guān)鍵因素。而中日兩國都是作為漆器出口國,在不同的歷史時(shí)期存在著差距。 第三部分探討了漆器貿(mào)易在18世紀(jì)的發(fā)展和衰落。18世紀(jì)初期,各國東印度公司紛紛派遣船只來亞洲。這其中實(shí)力最強(qiáng)的就是英國東印度公司,所以18世紀(jì)的上半葉主要是探討英國東印度公司的漆器貿(mào)易情況。此外,在這一時(shí)期,西班牙也是非常頻繁地同中國進(jìn)行漆器貿(mào)易。而其他國家也同中日間的進(jìn)行漆器貿(mào)易,但是規(guī)模比較小。18世紀(jì)中葉后,由于外銷漆器的價(jià)格、藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格的轉(zhuǎn)變、政治因素以及歐洲本土的漆器制作已成規(guī)模,中日外銷漆器已經(jīng)逐漸地失去了歐洲市場。 文章最后一個(gè)部分是討論了漆器貿(mào)易對(duì)西歐的影響。‘漆器不僅是對(duì)歐洲的中日風(fēng)物熱,也對(duì)歐洲的家庭裝飾的產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響,特別是對(duì)于本土的漆器樣式設(shè)計(jì)和漆器工業(yè)的興起,也對(duì)西歐資本主義的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重要貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Lacquer ware, as an oriental handicraft, existed before the opening of a new route for Western Europeans, and there was a lacquer trade within Asia. With the arrival of large numbers of Western Europeans, a great deal of lacquer ware was sold to Western Europe, especially in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. This paper mainly discusses the flourishing conditions and trade mode of lacquer ware trade between China, Japan and Western Europe, the quantity of lacquer ware exported by China and Japan, the price of lacquer ware exported by China and Japan at different periods, and the profits made by the people of Western Europe. The influence of lacquer ware trade on western European countries and the reason why lacquer ware trade gradually declined. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the rise of early lacquer trade. Starting with the lacquer trade between China and Japan, this paper discusses the origin of Chinese lacquer ware trade, the influence of Chinese lacquer ware export on Japanese lacquer ware and Japanese lacquer ware trade, and the influence of Sino-Japanese lacquer ware trade on Sino-Japanese lacquer trade with Western Europe. Early Western Europe and China and Japan lacquer trade. All these aspects laid the foundation for the lacquer trade from the 17 th to the 18 th century. The second part discusses the trade of lacquer ware between China, Japan and Western Europe in the 17 th century. Through the stages of lacquer ware trade in each period, this paper discusses the historical background of lacquer ware trade in each period, the route of lacquer ware trade, the distribution mode of lacquer ware trade, the characteristics of lacquer ware trade, and the price of lacquer ware exported to China and Japan. And the analysis of the trade advantages of Western European countries participating in lacquer ware trade in each period clearly outlines the panorama of Sino-Japanese lacquerware trade with Western Europe. Generally speaking, the key factors of obtaining trade are the maritime power of each country, the maintenance of the relationship between China and Japan, and the possession of superior trade transfer stations. China and Japan are both lacquer exporters, in different historical periods there is a gap. The third part discusses the development and decline of lacquer trade in the 18th century. The strongest of these was the British East India Company, so the first half of the 18th century was mainly about the lacquer trade of the British East India Company. Moreover, Spain also traded lacquer ware with China very frequently during this period. Other countries also trade lacquer ware with China and Japan, but since the middle of the 18th century, due to the price of lacquer ware sold abroad, the change in artistic design style, political factors and the production of lacquer ware in Europe, China and Japan export lacquer ware has gradually lost the European market. The last part of the article discusses the influence of lacquer ware trade on Western Europe. Lacquer ware not only has a profound influence on the Chinese and Japanese styles in Europe, but also on the family decoration in Europe, especially for the local lacquer style design and the rise of lacquer industry, and has also made an important contribution to the development of capitalism in Western Europe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K14

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