日本明治中期的國粹主義研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-18 09:13
【摘要】：國粹主義是明治20年代日本社會的主流思潮之一，在日本近代發(fā)展史上曾經(jīng)產(chǎn)生過重要的影響。國粹主義是日本近代化由全盤西化走向民族化、本土化的一個歷史拐點(diǎn)，同時(shí)它也是日本由謀求民族獨(dú)立轉(zhuǎn)而走向侵略擴(kuò)張的帝國主義這一過渡性階段中出現(xiàn)的民族主義思潮�？疾靽庵髁x的起因、發(fā)展、流變的全過程，考察國粹主義在各個階段的思想理論特征，無疑有助于我們正確理解和把握日本近代民族主義乃至日本近代史的發(fā)展。 本文以客觀的立場和視角，本著實(shí)事求是的科學(xué)探究的精神，對曾經(jīng)在明治二十年代盛行一時(shí)的國粹主義思潮進(jìn)行了較為全面的考察和剖析。論文由緒論、正文、結(jié)論三部分組成。緒論部分對論文研究的目的、先行研究的概況以及現(xiàn)有研究的不足之處做了介紹，并對論文中所使用的一些核心概念做了界定。正文由四章內(nèi)容構(gòu)成。第一章考察了國粹主義思潮形成的原因，政教社思想集團(tuán)的形成過程以及國粹主義的思想基礎(chǔ)。第二章對政教社成立初期國粹主義的文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及對外關(guān)系的思想主張做了分析和闡釋，揭示了國粹主義的思想出發(fā)點(diǎn)和立足點(diǎn)。第三章考察了國粹主義的發(fā)展和流變，指出以《亞細(xì)亞》的創(chuàng)刊為標(biāo)志，國粹主義的言論活動由偏重內(nèi)政批判轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)喼迒栴}的探討，進(jìn)一步凸顯出其思想中所內(nèi)涵的“日本亞洲盟主論”和“侵亞主義”傾向。第四章考察了國粹主義的最后歸宿，闡述了甲午戰(zhàn)爭以后，在日本國民大國化意識急劇膨脹、舉國一致走向軍國主義的氛圍中，國粹主義退潮的時(shí)代必然性。 通過上述對國粹主義的起因、發(fā)展和流變過程的考察分析，本文對國粹主義的性格特征歸納總結(jié)如下：第一，國粹主義并不是一種抽象的文化理論體系，而是一種與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的社會實(shí)踐的指導(dǎo)原則，它所體現(xiàn)的是在明治時(shí)代這個歷史發(fā)展的特殊時(shí)期，日本青年知識分子對國家發(fā)展方向的思考，試圖展現(xiàn)的是不同于明治政府的另外一種國家發(fā)展構(gòu)想，是對明治政府近代化路線的修正。第二，，國粹主義也是一股在野的政治勢力。國粹主義者雖言“國粹保存”、“國粹彰顯”，但他們的意圖并不在于對“國粹”的甄別、篩選，他們所言的“國粹”指的是“國民性”和一個民族國家的“民族精神”、“國民精神”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是國民精神的獨(dú)立不羈。國粹主義在反對歐化主義的同時(shí)也反對明治政府的藩閥專制政治，強(qiáng)調(diào)國民的政治參與，主張優(yōu)先發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，在民富、國富的基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)張軍備，其言論活動有著濃厚的政治色彩。第三，國粹主義強(qiáng)調(diào)國權(quán)的伸張，主張對外強(qiáng)硬，一方面反對明治政府對歐美的屈從，另一方面積極鼓吹策劃向亞洲的侵略擴(kuò)張，是日本民間“征亞”、“侵亞”的急先鋒。綜合而言，國粹主義是日本近代民族主義的一種表現(xiàn)形式，在對內(nèi)訴求方面，它常常處于明治政府的對立面，在思想理念上體現(xiàn)出其在野性和叛逆性，但是在對外意識尤其是在向亞洲侵略擴(kuò)張方面，國粹主義的思想主張又與明治政府的“長遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃”有著完美的契合之處。國粹主義的思想理念有積極、合理的一面，但同時(shí)也裹雜著腐朽反動的糟粕。
[Abstract]:The quintessence is one of the mainstream trends of thought in the Japanese society in the Meiji 20s, which had an important influence in the history of modern Japanese development. The quintessence is a historical turning point of Japanese modernization from the whole Westernization to nationalization and localization, and it is also the imperialism of Japan, which is turned from national independence to aggression and expansion. It is undoubtedly helpful for us to understand and grasp the development of modern Japanese Nationalism and the modern Japanese history by examining the whole process of the cause, development, and rheology of the quintessence and investigating the ideological and theoretical characteristics of the quintessence of the quintessence at all stages.
In the spirit of seeking truth from facts in the spirit of seeking truth from facts and seeking truth from facts, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the quintessence of the quintessence that was once popular in the Meiji 20s. The thesis is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The shortcomings of the study are introduced, and some core concepts used in the paper are defined. The text is composed of four chapters. The first chapter examines the reasons for the formation of the trend of the quintessence trend, the formation process of the ideological group of the political and educational society and the ideological basis of the quintessence of the state. The second chapter is about the culture and politics of the early quintessence of the political and educational society. The ideas of governance, economy and foreign relations are analyzed and explained, and the starting point and foothold of the ideology of quintessence are revealed. The third chapter examines the development and evolution of quintessence, pointing out that the creation of "Asia" is marked by the creation of "Asiatic", and the quintessence of the quintessence is turned from the criticism of internal affairs to the discussion of the Asian problem. The fourth chapter examines the final destination of the quintessence, and expounds the inevitability of the tide of the quintessence of the quintessence in the atmosphere of the Japanese Nationalism in the atmosphere of the nationalism in Japan after the war of 1894.
Through the investigation and analysis of the causes, development and rheological processes of quintism, this article summarizes the character characteristics of the quintessence as follows: first, quintessence is not an abstract cultural theory system, but a guiding principle of social practice with the times, which embodies the historical development in the Meiji era. In the special period, the thinking of the Japanese young intellectuals in the direction of the national development tried to show another national development concept that was different from the Meiji government. It was the revision of the Meiji government's modernization route. Second, the quintessence was also a political force in the field. But their intention is not to discriminate and screen the "quintessence" of the "quintessence", which refers to "National Nature" and "national spirit", "national spirit", "national spirit" and "national spirit", emphasizing the independence and unruly of the national spirit. It emphasizes the political participation of the people, advocates the development of the production on the basis of the rich and the rich, and expands the armaments on the basis of the rich and the rich. Third, the quintessence emphasizes the extension of the national power, advocates the hard work of the foreign country. On the one hand, it opposes the submission of the Meiji government to the United States and the United States, and on the other hand, actively advocates the aggression and expansion of the plan to Asia. It is a manifestation of Japanese Nationalism in Modern Japan, which is a manifestation of Japanese modern nationalism. In terms of internal appeal, it is often in the opposite direction of the Meiji government, reflecting its ambition and rebellion in the ideological concept, but in the external consciousness, especially in the invasion of Asia. The idea of quintessence has a perfect fit with the "long-term plan" of the Meiji government. The ideology of quintessence has a positive and reasonable side, but it is also wrapped in rotten and reactionary dregs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K313.41
本文編號：2131446
[Abstract]:The quintessence is one of the mainstream trends of thought in the Japanese society in the Meiji 20s, which had an important influence in the history of modern Japanese development. The quintessence is a historical turning point of Japanese modernization from the whole Westernization to nationalization and localization, and it is also the imperialism of Japan, which is turned from national independence to aggression and expansion. It is undoubtedly helpful for us to understand and grasp the development of modern Japanese Nationalism and the modern Japanese history by examining the whole process of the cause, development, and rheology of the quintessence and investigating the ideological and theoretical characteristics of the quintessence of the quintessence at all stages.
In the spirit of seeking truth from facts in the spirit of seeking truth from facts and seeking truth from facts, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the quintessence of the quintessence that was once popular in the Meiji 20s. The thesis is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The shortcomings of the study are introduced, and some core concepts used in the paper are defined. The text is composed of four chapters. The first chapter examines the reasons for the formation of the trend of the quintessence trend, the formation process of the ideological group of the political and educational society and the ideological basis of the quintessence of the state. The second chapter is about the culture and politics of the early quintessence of the political and educational society. The ideas of governance, economy and foreign relations are analyzed and explained, and the starting point and foothold of the ideology of quintessence are revealed. The third chapter examines the development and evolution of quintessence, pointing out that the creation of "Asia" is marked by the creation of "Asiatic", and the quintessence of the quintessence is turned from the criticism of internal affairs to the discussion of the Asian problem. The fourth chapter examines the final destination of the quintessence, and expounds the inevitability of the tide of the quintessence of the quintessence in the atmosphere of the Japanese Nationalism in the atmosphere of the nationalism in Japan after the war of 1894.
Through the investigation and analysis of the causes, development and rheological processes of quintism, this article summarizes the character characteristics of the quintessence as follows: first, quintessence is not an abstract cultural theory system, but a guiding principle of social practice with the times, which embodies the historical development in the Meiji era. In the special period, the thinking of the Japanese young intellectuals in the direction of the national development tried to show another national development concept that was different from the Meiji government. It was the revision of the Meiji government's modernization route. Second, the quintessence was also a political force in the field. But their intention is not to discriminate and screen the "quintessence" of the "quintessence", which refers to "National Nature" and "national spirit", "national spirit", "national spirit" and "national spirit", emphasizing the independence and unruly of the national spirit. It emphasizes the political participation of the people, advocates the development of the production on the basis of the rich and the rich, and expands the armaments on the basis of the rich and the rich. Third, the quintessence emphasizes the extension of the national power, advocates the hard work of the foreign country. On the one hand, it opposes the submission of the Meiji government to the United States and the United States, and on the other hand, actively advocates the aggression and expansion of the plan to Asia. It is a manifestation of Japanese Nationalism in Modern Japan, which is a manifestation of Japanese modern nationalism. In terms of internal appeal, it is often in the opposite direction of the Meiji government, reflecting its ambition and rebellion in the ideological concept, but in the external consciousness, especially in the invasion of Asia. The idea of quintessence has a perfect fit with the "long-term plan" of the Meiji government. The ideology of quintessence has a positive and reasonable side, but it is also wrapped in rotten and reactionary dregs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K313.41
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