【摘要】：醫(yī)院騎士團(tuán)是歐洲最古老的天主教軍事修道騎士會(huì)(簡(jiǎn)稱“軍事修會(huì)”)之一,其成員也被稱為“圣約翰騎士”,是歷史上著名的“三大騎士團(tuán)”之一。在十字軍被伊斯蘭教勢(shì)力逐出巴勒斯坦地區(qū)之后,醫(yī)院騎士團(tuán)先后轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)于東地中海地區(qū)的塞浦路斯和羅德島,但騎士團(tuán)在這些地方都沒(méi)能成功立足,直到16世紀(jì)獲得神圣羅馬帝國(guó)的賜封才來(lái)到馬耳他島安身。身處馬耳他島的醫(yī)院騎士團(tuán)是這一時(shí)期西方世界在東地中海地區(qū)邊界上對(duì)抗奧斯曼土耳其帝國(guó)的重要力量,在騎士團(tuán)控制馬耳他島的數(shù)百年時(shí)間里,他們將天主教的信仰以及各種西方制度帶到了這個(gè)原本文明發(fā)展滯后的小島,馬耳他經(jīng)過(guò)騎士團(tuán)的苦心經(jīng)營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)狀況得到改善。參與馬耳他建設(shè)的同時(shí),騎士團(tuán)面臨的最大危機(jī)便是奧斯曼帝國(guó)的軍事圍堵。作為奧斯曼——哈布斯堡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的重要參與者之一,騎士團(tuán)在馬耳他島的存亡關(guān)系著整個(gè)西方世界的安危。堅(jiān)守馬耳他島的醫(yī)院騎士團(tuán)在西方盟友的配合下最終取得了對(duì)土耳其人的軍事勝利,作為西方世界在東地中海屏障的醫(yī)院騎士團(tuán)在馬耳他島經(jīng)過(guò)苦心經(jīng)營(yíng)立下了腳跟,西歐也為此能在一個(gè)安定的環(huán)境中繼續(xù)進(jìn)行近代的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型運(yùn)動(dòng)。如今醫(yī)院騎士團(tuán)在馬耳他的統(tǒng)治已成為歷史,只剩下騎士團(tuán)為馬耳他打造的新都瓦萊塔作為人類文化遺產(chǎn)供后人憑吊。但由醫(yī)院騎士團(tuán)演變而來(lái)的“馬耳他騎士團(tuán)”褪去了軍事功能而專注于醫(yī)療慈善事業(yè),古老的騎士團(tuán)其救死扶傷、平等博愛(ài)的人文關(guān)懷以及高貴、堅(jiān)毅的騎士精神繼續(xù)在文化領(lǐng)域給予今人以啟示。
[Abstract]:The Hospital Knights order is one of the oldest Catholic military order knights in Europe, and its members are also known as the Holy John Knights, one of the three great knights in history. After the crusades were expelled from the Palestinian territories by Islamic forces, the Hospitals moved to Cyprus and Rhode Island in the Eastern Mediterranean, but the order failed to establish a foothold there. It was not until the 16th century that the Holy Roman Empire was proclaimed to the island of Malta. The Knights of Hospitals on the Island of Malta were important forces of the Western world against the Ottoman Turkish Empire on the border of the Eastern Mediterranean during this period, during the centuries in which the order controlled the island of Malta. They brought Catholicism and various Western institutions to this island, where civilization had lagged behind, and Malta improved its economic and social conditions through the hard work of the Knights. While participating in the construction of Malta, the Knights faced the greatest crisis was the military siege of the Ottoman Empire. As one of the important participants in the Ottoman-Hapsburg War, the survival of the Knights in Malta is related to the safety of the whole western world. With the cooperation of Western allies, the Hospitals who held fast to Malta finally won a military victory against the Turks. As the Western medical order in the Eastern Mediterranean Barrier, the Knights League of Hospitals set up their feet on the Island of Malta after painstaking operation. For this reason, Western Europe was able to continue its modern social transformation in a stable environment. The rule of the Hospitals in Malta is now a thing of the past, leaving the Knights' new capital, Valletta, as the cultural heritage of humanity. But the Sovereign order of Malta, evolved from the Knights of Hospitals, lost its military function and focused on medical philanthropy, the ancient order of Knights, its life-saving care, the equal and fraternal care of humanity, and its nobility. The determined chivalry continues to enlighten the present in the field of culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K13

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