本文選題：冷戰(zhàn) + 結(jié)束�。� 參考：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 以色列是移民國家,擁有眾多的猶太移民群體。因?yàn)樵臀幕尘暗牟煌?移民群體之間存在著共性和差異。各移民群體的利益訴求,直接牽動(dòng)著以色列國內(nèi)局勢和對外關(guān)系的走向。因此,研究以色列移民群體,特別是其中的主要移民群體,分析其對以內(nèi)政外交的影響,應(yīng)是解決以巴沖突的著眼點(diǎn)之一。 俄籍猶太人是以色列猶太移民的主要來源之一。一個(gè)半世紀(jì)以來,俄籍猶太人的命運(yùn)隨著俄羅斯歷史進(jìn)程的發(fā)展而跌宕起伏,興起過多次大規(guī)模的移民浪潮。從20世紀(jì)70年代起至今的30多年時(shí)間里,更是掀起了百萬猶太人移民以色列的浪潮,為世界矚目。目前,以色列俄裔猶太移民約86萬人,占以色列人口的1/10強(qiáng),他們構(gòu)成了以色列一個(gè)具有特殊文化背景的群體——新一代俄裔猶太移民。他們繼承先輩們復(fù)興猶太國家和猶太民族的志向,經(jīng)過30年的適應(yīng)和發(fā)展,已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代猶太國家的建設(shè)者,活躍在以色列社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,為以色列的建設(shè)和發(fā)展注入了新的活力。 新一代俄裔猶太移民身負(fù)厚重的俄羅斯文化積淀和悠久的猶太人歷史傳統(tǒng),在民族共性和文化差異的交錯(cuò)中,建構(gòu)起具有文化特性的身份認(rèn)同——以色列猶太民族中具有顯著俄羅斯文化特點(diǎn)的成員。 新一代俄裔猶太移民的生存發(fā)展過程,因其特定的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境,經(jīng)歷了明確猶太民族身份、加入以色列國家、維系俄羅斯文化、融入以色列社會(huì)四個(gè)階段,由此形成民族認(rèn)同、國家認(rèn)同、族群認(rèn)同和社會(huì)認(rèn)同。 新一代俄裔猶太移民面對蘇聯(lián)時(shí)期的壓抑和同化進(jìn)行了文化抗?fàn)?通過積極建構(gòu)民族認(rèn)同,以維護(hù)自身的存在。濃厚的民族意識(shí)不僅催生出俄裔猶太人返回民族故地的堅(jiān)定信念,而且形成了具有強(qiáng)烈封閉性質(zhì)和排他性質(zhì)的民族主義情感,其中不乏極端傾向,從而影響甚至制約著以色列政府的中東政策。 新一代俄裔猶太移民通過歷史認(rèn)知和文化自覺,建構(gòu)起對猶太國家的認(rèn)同。一俟這種認(rèn)同走向了偏執(zhí),他們便竭力主張控制自然資源,維護(hù)以色列在中東地區(qū)的絕對優(yōu)勢,而毫不顧及阿拉伯國家的發(fā)展需求。例如,土地和淡水資源的分配始終是中東和談的主要障礙之一。 新一代俄裔猶太移民曾因其“非猶太化”特征而受到以色列本土社會(huì)的排異,又因其“俄羅斯化”特征而增強(qiáng)了原住國文化的傳承。應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的“俄羅斯街”和俄裔猶太移民社團(tuán),在新一代俄裔猶太移民建構(gòu)族群認(rèn)同、保護(hù)群體利益的過程中,扮演了重要角色。族群認(rèn)同引發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈的自保意識(shí),反對任何有損俄裔猶太移民利益的行為,反對以色列政府實(shí)行“單邊隔離計(jì)劃”和拆除猶太人定居點(diǎn)。 新一代俄裔猶太移民的生存和發(fā)展,必須借助以色列社會(huì)的力量,追求與以色列本土民眾的文化融合,與現(xiàn)代猶太國家形成緊密相連的共同命運(yùn)。社會(huì)認(rèn)同的建構(gòu),促使新一代俄裔猶太移民自覺采取行動(dòng),在積極促進(jìn)以色列經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和科學(xué)發(fā)展的同時(shí),組建政黨主動(dòng)參與政治生活,以“對巴以關(guān)系的立場”和“對俄裔猶太移民的關(guān)注”為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),制約以色列內(nèi)外政策的制定和實(shí)施。 新一代俄裔猶太移民政黨組織已經(jīng)成為一支不可忽視的力量,掌握了國家政治話語權(quán),對20世紀(jì)末和21世紀(jì)初以色列政局變化的導(dǎo)向作用非常突出。新一代俄裔猶太移民的價(jià)值觀念和由此而產(chǎn)生的政治主張,成為以色列政府制定內(nèi)外政策時(shí)必須考慮的重要依據(jù)。 新一代俄裔猶太移民建構(gòu)民族認(rèn)同、國家認(rèn)同、族群認(rèn)同、社會(huì)認(rèn)同的過程,伴隨著內(nèi)在的發(fā)展邏輯:從追求民族情感到返回民族家園,從尋找歷史歸宿到移居巴勒斯坦故土,從移民數(shù)量的增加到人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,從相互聚居的群體到相對固定的社團(tuán),從維護(hù)群體利益到參與政治事務(wù),從參加各類政黨體現(xiàn)自身的存在到創(chuàng)建自己的政黨發(fā)出自己的聲音,從關(guān)注政策的制定到參與政策的制定,從影響國內(nèi)政策到影響對外政策。 20世紀(jì)90年代以來,新一代俄裔猶太移民對以內(nèi)政外交的走向有著重要的影響,特別是對以色列政府中東政策的制約日益增強(qiáng),牽動(dòng)著中東局勢的發(fā)展,成為中東問題中的一個(gè)重要變數(shù)。新一代俄裔猶太移民及其影響研究已經(jīng)成為中東問題研究中的一個(gè)重要方面。
[Abstract]:Israel is an immigrant country and has a large number of Jewish immigrants. Because of the differences in the original and cultural backgrounds, there are similarities and differences between the immigrant groups. The interest demands of the immigrant groups directly affect the domestic situation and the trend of foreign relations in Israel. Therefore, the study of Israeli immigration groups, especially the main immigrants Group analysis of its impact on domestic and foreign affairs should be one of the focuses of resolving the Israeli Palestinian conflict.
Russian Jews are one of the main sources of Israeli Jewish immigrants. Since the 1.5 century, the fate of Russian Jews has been undulating with the development of Russian history and a large number of large wave of immigration. In the 30 years since 1970s, millions of Jews have immigrated to Israel. At present, there are about 860 thousand Jewish immigrants from Israel, which are about 860 thousand Jewish immigrants, making up the strong 1/10 of the Israeli population. They constitute a group of Israeli people with a special cultural background - a new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants. They inherit the ancestors' aspirations to revive the Jewish and Jewish people. After 30 years of adaptation and development, they have become The builders of Modern Jewish countries are active in all fields of Israeli society and have injected new vitality into the building and development of Israel.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants has a heavy Russian cultural accumulation and a long tradition of Jewish history. In the interlacing of national commonness and cultural differences, it constructs a cultural identity identity - a member of the Israeli Jewish nation with remarkable Russian cultural characteristics.
The process of the survival and development of the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants has experienced a clear Jewish national identity, joining the Israeli state, maintaining the Russian culture and integrating the four stages of the Israeli society because of its specific historical and realistic environment, thus forming national identity, national identity, ethnic identity and social identity.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants, in the face of the repression and assimilation of the Soviet period, carried out a cultural struggle, and maintained their own existence by actively constructing their national identity. The strong national consciousness not only gave birth to the firm belief of the return of Russian Jews to the homeland of the nation, but also formed a nationalist feeling of strong closed nature and exclusiveness. There are many extreme tendencies, which affect and even restrict the Israeli government's Middle East policy.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants, through historical cognition and cultural consciousness, constructs the identity of the Jewish state. As soon as this recognition goes to paranoia, they strive to maintain the control of natural resources and maintain the absolute superiority of Israel in the Middle East, without regard to the development needs of Arabia countries. For example, the distribution of land and fresh water resources. It is always one of the main obstacles to the peace talks in the Middle East.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants has been different from the native Israeli society because of its "non synagogue" characteristics, and has strengthened the heritage of the native culture because of its "Russian" characteristics. The "Russian Street" and Russian Jewish immigrants' associations have constructed a new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants to construct ethnic identity and protect the interests of the group. In the process, it played an important role. Ethnic identity triggered a strong sense of self-protection, opposed any act that undermines the interests of Russian Jewish immigrants, and opposed the Israeli government's "unilateral isolation plan" and the dismantling of Jewish settlements.
The survival and development of the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants must rely on the power of the Israeli society to pursue the cultural integration of the local people of Israel and the common fate of the Modern Jewish state. The construction of social identity encourages the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants to take action consciously and actively promote the construction of the Israeli economy and the economic construction of Israel. At the same time, the establishment of political parties to participate in political life actively, with the "stand for Palestine and Israel" and "attention to Russian Jewish immigrants" as the standard, restrict the formulation and implementation of Israeli and foreign policies.
The new generation of Russian Jewish civil affairs organization has become a force that can not be ignored. It has mastered the political discourse power of the state and has a prominent role in guiding the changes of Israeli political situation at the end of the twentieth Century and early twenty-first Century. The values of the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants and the resulting political ideas have become the Israeli government's internal and external affairs. The important basis must be taken into consideration in the policy of policy.
The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants to construct national identity, national identity, ethnic identity and social identity is accompanied by internal development logic: from the pursuit of national emotion to returning to the national home, from the search for historical home to the homeland of Palestine, from the increase in the number of immigrants to the change of the population structure, from the groups living together to the relative. The fixed community, from maintaining the interests of the group to the political affairs, from participating in various political parties to embody their own existence to the creation of their own political party, issued their own voice, from the formulation of the policy to the formulation of the participation policy, from the impact of domestic policies to the influence of foreign policy.
Since the 1990s, the new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants has an important influence on the trend of internal and foreign affairs, especially the restrictions on the Middle East policy of the Israeli government, which has led to the development of the Middle East and became an important variable in the Middle East. The new generation of Russian Jewish immigrants and their influence has become the Middle East. An important aspect of the problem study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K382

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 湯洵;;哈爾濱俄裔猶太人族群的形成[J];學(xué)術(shù)交流;2011年12期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 楊陽;以色列與美國猶太人關(guān)系研究[D];上海外國語大學(xué);2010年

2 王延敏;以色列政黨政治研究[D];南開大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2116048