本文選題：美國 + 貿(mào)易政策�。� 參考：《復旦大學》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 在美國歷史上,貿(mào)易保護政策一直占有重要地位,它幾乎貫穿了整個美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的歷史。本文重點考察19世紀后期美國以高關稅為主的貿(mào)易保護政策,并在此基礎上,分析了它得以確立并很快發(fā)展到高潮原因和影響。全文共分為四章: 第一章主要是回顧1879年以前美國貿(mào)易保護政策的歷史。它又可以分成三個階段,第一個階段從1789年美國第一部關稅法案出臺到1815年,美國貿(mào)易政策的主要目的在于增加財政收入,關稅稅率較低。第二個階段從1816年到1860年,主張貿(mào)易保護的北部和主張自由貿(mào)易的南部在關稅問題上激烈交鋒,關稅稅率起伏較大。第三個階段從1861年莫里爾關稅法出臺到1879年,內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時期的高關稅政策在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后被延續(xù)下來,關稅稅率較高。 第二章主要是“戰(zhàn)時關稅”的改革和高關稅政策的確立。民主黨為了修改關稅與共和黨進行了激烈的斗爭。1883年關稅法的出臺是美國貿(mào)易政策自內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來進行了第一次重大調(diào)整。之后民主黨又三次提出降稅議案,但都沒能獲得通過。隨著共和黨贏得1888年的總統(tǒng)大選和國會選舉,1890年《麥金萊關稅法》出臺,關稅稅率達到建國以來的最高點,這標志著高關稅時代的來臨。 第三章主要是美國貿(mào)易保護政策的高潮和延續(xù)。1893年民主黨總統(tǒng)克利夫蘭上臺后,極力推動關稅改革,于1894年出臺了《威爾遜——高曼關稅法》,小幅降低了關稅稅率。之后,共和黨重新奪回行政權和立法權,于1897年出臺了《丁利關稅法》,關稅稅率達到了美國歷史上的最高點。在激烈的黨派斗爭和利益爭奪中,美國的保護體制得到擴充,達到新的高潮,并延續(xù)到20世紀。 第四章在分析美國貿(mào)易保護政策能夠確立的國內(nèi)和國際因素的同時,還從政黨和利益集團的角度探討了它們對美國貿(mào)易保護政策的影響,美國實施的貿(mào)易保護政策也反作用于美國的社會生活,深刻地影響了當時美國的經(jīng)濟和政治的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In the history of the United States, trade protection policy has been playing an important role in the history of the economic development of the United States. This paper focuses on the American trade protection policy based on high tariffs in the late nineteenth Century, and on this basis, analyses the causes and effects of its establishment and rapid development to the climax. The full text is divided into four chapters:
The first chapter is to review the history of American trade protection policy before 1879. It can be divided into three stages. The first stage is from the first tariff act of the United States in 1789 to 1815. The main purpose of the US trade policy is to increase the fiscal revenue, the tariff rate is low. The second stage from 1816 to 1860, advocates trade insurance. The northern part of the guard and the southern part of the free trade were fiercely charged on the tariff, and the tariff rate was undulating. The third stage was introduced from the Lille Customs Law in 1861 to 1879, and the high tariff policy of the civil war was extended after the war, and the tariff rate was higher.
The second chapter is mainly the reform of "wartime tariff" and the establishment of high tariff policy. In order to modify the tariff and the Republican Party, the Democratic Party has carried out the first major adjustment of the US trade policy since the end of the civil war. After the civil war, the Democratic Party has made the first major adjustment since the end of the civil war. After that, the Democratic Party has put forward the tax reduction bill three times, but it has not been able to get through the.1883. As Republicans won the presidential and congressional elections in 1888, the Mickinley tariff law was introduced in 1890 and the tariff rate reached the highest point since the founding of the people's Republic, which marks the advent of the high tariff era.
The third chapter was mainly the climax of the US trade protection policy and the continuation of the Democratic president of Cleveland, Cleveland, to push forward the tariff reform. In 1894, the tax law of Wilson - ganman Customs was introduced, and the tariff rate was reduced slightly. After that, the Republican Party reclaimed the administrative and legislative powers. In 1897, the DDL tax law was introduced. The tariff rate reached the highest point in American history. In the fierce partisan struggle and contention of interest, the American protection system was expanded to reach a new climax and continue to twentieth Century.
The fourth chapter, in the analysis of the domestic and international factors that the US trade protection policy can establish, also discusses the impact on the American trade protection policy from the perspective of political parties and interest groups. The trade protection policy implemented by the United States also counteracts the social life of the United States and deeply affects the economy and politics of the United States at that time. Development.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：F757.12;K712.4

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前5條

1 林曉金;美國貿(mào)易保護政策探析[D];吉林大學;2011年

2 郭廓;反傾銷法律中因果關系問題研究[D];華東政法大學;2011年

3 李晶;美國貿(mào)易保護政策的周期性變化及我國的應對措施[D];首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學;2011年

4 李丹;美國貿(mào)易保護政策探析及對中國的啟示[D];吉林大學;2010年

5 尹璐;20世紀以來貿(mào)易保護政策在美國的演進及對中美貿(mào)易的影響[D];云南財經(jīng)大學;2012年

，

本文編號：2111508