本文選題：斯大林模式 + 是與非　； 參考：《中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院》2002年博士論文

【摘要】： 斯大林模式是斯大林執(zhí)政時期蘇聯(lián)締造起來的社會主義模式，它在世界社會主義發(fā)展史上占有極重要的地位，歷來是學(xué)術(shù)研究的難點和學(xué)術(shù)爭論的焦點。自1956年非斯大林化運動以后，對斯大林及斯大林模式的評價就成為國際共產(chǎn)主義運動內(nèi)部以及世界東西方政治思想界激烈交鋒的熱門話題。蘇東劇變后，這一話題再度被熱炒，斯大林模式的是非及其與蘇聯(lián)解體的關(guān)系成了國內(nèi)外理論研究的熱點，斯大林模式及其理念又成為西方反共思潮的主要攻擊目標(biāo)。對于這個難題，本論文運用馬克思主義的立場、觀點和方法，從落后國家現(xiàn)代化的新角度，即從工業(yè)化的啟動和進展、生產(chǎn)方式的變革、政黨制度的嬗變、意識形態(tài)的更新、文化傳統(tǒng)的傳承和人民群眾文化水平的提高等角度，借鑒社會心理學(xué)、制度經(jīng)濟學(xué)和發(fā)展社會學(xué)等學(xué)科的方法進行跨學(xué)科研究。 在廓清“社會形態(tài)、社會制度與社會模式”、“斯大林模式與斯大林體制”、“斯大林模式與蘇聯(lián)模式”、“斯大林模式與斯大林主義”、“斯大林模式與斯大林時期蘇聯(lián)的社會運動、社會問題”、“斯大林模式與斯大林個人的社會活動”、“社會主義模式的一般性與斯大林模式的個性”等7組概念的區(qū)別的基礎(chǔ)上，本論文扼要地闡明了重評斯大林模式的意義和方法，然后分五章剖析斯大林模式形成的社會條件和思想根源、斯大林的社會主義理論、斯大林模式的基本特征、斯大林模式的歷史作用及其弊端和斯大林模式對世界的影響，對斯大林模式作出了全面系統(tǒng)的評價。本論文認(rèn)為： 斯大林模式的誕生是蘇聯(lián)現(xiàn)代化進程上不得不進行的體制轉(zhuǎn)軌。當(dāng)時國內(nèi)嚴(yán)峻的社會危機和國際上的風(fēng)云變幻使蘇聯(lián)社會產(chǎn)生了停止實行相對分散的新經(jīng)濟政策的客觀要求，為了鞏固蘇維埃政權(quán)，，為了積極備戰(zhàn)，為了建成社會主義和實現(xiàn)趕超西方發(fā)達資本主義國家的理想，高度集中的斯大林模式應(yīng)運而生。綜觀斯大林模式誕生和實行的情況，以斯大林為首的聯(lián)共(布)中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對馬克思列寧主義的理解和運用、俄羅斯獨特的民族意識和文化傳統(tǒng)、斯大林個人的思維方式三者是斯大林模式誕生的思想根源。 斯大林的社會主義理論，是他在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)蘇聯(lián)人民保衛(wèi)和發(fā)展社會主義的實踐中產(chǎn)生的，具有強烈的現(xiàn)實針對性。在分析列寧逝世后俄共(布)黨內(nèi)關(guān)于一國能否建成社會主義、工業(yè)化和農(nóng)村問題的爭論，揭示二十年代中、后期蘇聯(lián)國內(nèi)階級狀況的新變化基礎(chǔ)上，本論文認(rèn)為，斯大林的一國建成社會主義論及其社會主義工業(yè)化、農(nóng)業(yè)集體化、階級斗爭和指令性計劃經(jīng)濟體制理論等的產(chǎn)生都具有一定的現(xiàn)實性，這些理論是引導(dǎo)蘇聯(lián)人民在孤立無助的處境中積極進行社會主義建設(shè)的思想武器。不可否認(rèn)，斯大林社會主義理論的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)不夠嚴(yán)整，有些還存在著明顯的缺陷。斯大林時期蘇聯(lián)出現(xiàn)的過失與這些缺陷是相關(guān)的，肅反擴大化的發(fā)生與斯大林階級斗爭理論不無關(guān)系，蘇聯(lián)農(nóng)業(yè)長期發(fā)展滯后與斯大林 農(nóng)業(yè)集體化理論也是有關(guān)的。但是，總的講，鑒于當(dāng)時特定的歷史條件，對斯大林社會主 義理論的評價，不應(yīng)拘泥于對其理論邏輯嚴(yán)整性的分析，而應(yīng)到社會實踐中去探求。盡管 這些理論存在不足，但它們滿足了社會的要求，總體上是推動了社會發(fā)展的。 斯大林模式的基本特征是高度集中，這在經(jīng)濟、政治和文化體制三方面都有著明確的 表現(xiàn)。在經(jīng)濟上，蘇聯(lián)建立了單一的生產(chǎn)資料公有制，運用行政手段執(zhí)行指令性計劃，對 工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)及工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的分配和流通都進行了高度集中的管理。在這種經(jīng)濟體制內(nèi)部， 聯(lián)共（布）和中央政府通過國家計劃委員會對全社會的經(jīng)濟活動進行了全面控制，經(jīng)濟發(fā) 展自身的規(guī)律受到排斥。在政治上，蘇聯(lián)實行了權(quán)力高度集中的一黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制度，執(zhí)政黨內(nèi) 權(quán)力高度集中于黨中央，聯(lián)盟中央對各加盟共和國進行了強有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，通過安全機關(guān)大 力加強無產(chǎn)階級專政的鎮(zhèn)壓職能。在聯(lián)共（布）的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)中，黨的全國代表大會是黨的 最高權(quán)力機關(guān)，在其休會期間黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)由中央委員會行使，在中央委員會休會期間黨的 政治事務(wù)由政治局及其日常辦事機構(gòu)書記處處理。對此，本論文認(rèn)為，只要堅決貫徹民主 集中制，保證黨的代表大會對中央委員會和政治局、書記處的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，這些現(xiàn)象乃是政治生 活的正常情況，而不是政治體制的弊端。在文化上，蘇聯(lián)通過政治批判構(gòu)造一元化意識形 態(tài)，國家對文化教育和科研事業(yè)都進行了高度集中的管理。經(jīng)濟、政治、文化體制在實踐 中產(chǎn)生互動，使整個社會都具備了高度集中的特征。 比較科學(xué)社會主義的本質(zhì)特征與斯大林模式的基本特征可見，斯大林模式是社會主義 的一種模式，它具有社會主義制度的一般性，也具有自身的個性。斯大林模式在實踐中發(fā) 。；：～ 揮了重大作用，它使蘇聯(lián)打敗德國法西斯，使蘇聯(lián)在現(xiàn)代化的進程上取得非凡成就。從落 后國家現(xiàn)代化的角度看，斯大林模式在推進工業(yè)化，提高國家的綜合實力和社會的文化科 學(xué)水平等方面都取得了輝煌成就。由斯大林領(lǐng)導(dǎo)開創(chuàng)的實行計劃經(jīng)濟體制和優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工 業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化道路，是人類歷史上與英國開創(chuàng)的資本主義現(xiàn)代化途徑并列的另一種現(xiàn)代化途 徑，盡管這種途徑具有一定的時代局限性，但它在蘇聯(lián)所取得的舉
[Abstract]:The Stalin model is a socialist model created by the Soviet Union during the period of Stalin's ruling. It occupies an important position in the history of the development of the world socialism. It has always been the difficulty of academic research and the focus of academic debate. Since the non Stalin movement in 1956, the evaluation of Stalin and Stalin has become an international communism. The hot topic between the movement inside and the political and ideological circles of the East and the West in the world. After the upheaval of the Soviet East, this topic has been heated again. The relationship between Stalin's mode and the disintegration of the Soviet Union has become a hot spot of theoretical research at home and abroad. The Stalin model and its concept have become the main target of attack in the Western anti Communist trend of thought. In this paper, the thesis uses the standpoint, view and method of Marx doctrine, from the new angle of modernization of the backward countries, that is, from the start and progress of industrialization, the change of the mode of production, the evolution of the political party system, the renewal of ideology, the inheritance of cultural tradition and the improvement of the level of the people's cultural transformation. The methods of economics and sociology are interdisciplinary research.
In the clearance of "social form, social system and social model", "Stalin model and Stalin system", "Stalin mode and Soviet model", "Stalin mode and Stalin doctrine", "Stalin mode and Stalin period Soviet social movement, social problems", "Stalin model and individual social activities" On the basis of the differences between the 7 groups of concepts such as "the general character of the socialist model and the personality of Stalin model", this paper briefly expounds the significance and methods of reassessing the Stalin model, and then analyzes the social and ideological roots of the formation of Stalin's mode, Stalin's socialist theory and the basic Stalin model in the five chapters. Characteristics, the historical role of Stalin model and its disadvantages and the influence of Stalin model on the world, make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the Stalin model.
The birth of the Stalin model was an institutional transition that had to be carried out in the process of the modernization of the Soviet Union. At that time, the severe social crisis in the country and the changes in the world made the Soviet society produce an objective requirement to stop the implementation of the relatively decentralized new economic policy. In order to consolidate the Soviet regime, in order to actively prepare for war, to build socialism and to build socialism, To realize the ideal of catching up with the western developed capitalist countries, a highly centralized Stalin model came into being. A comprehensive view of the birth and implementation of Stalin mode was made. The understanding and application of the central leaders of the Communist Party of China to Marx Lenin led by Stalin, and the national consciousness and cultural tradition of Russian alone, and the individual thought of Stalin. The three dimension is the ideological root of the birth of the Stalin model.
Stalin's socialist theory is produced in the practice of leading the Soviet people to defend and develop socialism and has a strong realistic pertinence. In the analysis of the dispute between the Communist Party of Russia and the Communist Party of the party on whether a country can build socialism, industrialization and rural issues after Lenin's death, it reveals the internal class status of the Soviet Union in the late 20s and in the latter part of the Soviet Union. On the basis of the new change of the situation, this thesis holds that Stalin's theory of building socialism and its socialist industrialization, agricultural collectivization, class struggle and the economic system theory of command plan all have certain realities. These theories are to guide the Soviet people to build socialism in an isolated situation. It is undeniable that the logical structure of Stalin's socialist theory is not very strict, and there are some obvious defects. The negligence of the Soviet Union in the Stalin period is related to these defects. The occurrence of the expansion of the Soviet Union is not related to the theory of Stalin's class struggle, and the long-term development of Soviet agriculture lags behind Stalin.
The theory of agricultural collectivism is also relevant. However, in general, in view of the specific historical conditions at that time, Stalin was the main body of society.
The evaluation of the theory of justice should not be rigidly adhered to the analysis of the integrity of its theoretical logic, but should be explored in social practice.
These theories are inadequate, but they meet the needs of the society and promote social development as a whole.
The basic characteristics of the Stalin model are highly concentrated, which is clear in three aspects: the economic, political and cultural systems.
Economically, the Soviet Union has established a single public ownership of means of production, using executive means to execute mandatory plans.
The distribution and circulation of industrial and agricultural production and industrial and agricultural products are highly centralized.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) and the central government carried out comprehensive control over the economic activities of the whole society through the State Planning Commission.
In the political arena, the Soviet Union adopted a one party leadership system with high concentration of power and the ruling party.
The power is highly concentrated in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The Central Committee of the alliance has strong leadership over the republics.
Strengthening the repressive function of the dictatorship of the proletariat. In the power structure of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the party's National Congress is the party's
During the period of its adjournment, the party's leadership shall be exercised by the Central Committee, and the party's standing shall be held during the adjournment of the Central Committee.
Political affairs are handled by the Politburo and its Secretariat.
Centralism ensures the leadership of the party's Congress to the Central Committee and the Political Bureau and the Secretariat.
Living in normal conditions, not in the malpractice of the political system. In culture, the Soviet Union constructed a unified consciousness through political criticism.
The state has highly centralized management of cultural education and scientific research. Economic, political and cultural systems are in practice.
Interaction in the whole society has highly concentrated characteristics.
The essential characteristics of comparative scientific socialism and the basic characteristics of Stalin model show that the Stalin model is socialism.
It has the general character of the socialist system and its own individuality. The Stalin model is developing in practice.
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It has played a major role in the Soviet Union's defeat of fascist Germany and made the Soviet Union achieve extraordinary success in the process of modernization.
From the perspective of national modernization, the Stalin mode is promoting industrialization, improving the comprehensive strength of the country and social culture.
We have made brilliant achievements in the field of learning and so on. The planned economy system and the priority development of heavy industries pioneered by Stalin were pioneered.
The modernization path of the industry is another modern way parallel to the path of capitalist modernization pioneered in the history of mankind.
Although this path has certain limitations in time, it has been promoted in the Soviet Union.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：K512

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 汪亭友;蘇聯(lián)演變研究方法論及相關(guān)基本問題[J];吉首大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2003年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 秦正為;斯大林的國家利益觀研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 馮利花;20世紀(jì)50年代中國學(xué)習(xí)蘇聯(lián)建設(shè)經(jīng)驗的研究（1949-1956）[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2011年

2 陳庚;新中國藝術(shù)管理體制的生成[D];華中師范大學(xué);2008年

本文編號：2092391