本文選題：社會 + 英國�。� 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：十九世紀(jì),伴隨著英國工業(yè)化和城市化的進(jìn)程,大量的農(nóng)民進(jìn)入城市,成為勞工階級。勞工階級的子女們面臨新的生存環(huán)境,由于貧困和缺乏教育,很容易成為問題少年,而導(dǎo)致勞工的貧困狀況代際傳承。在這種情況下,為了幫助青年人順利度過難關(guān),健康的成長,在十九世紀(jì)后期,英國青年工作誕生了。雖然早期的青年工作存在著種種局限性,但是為后來青年工作的進(jìn)展打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。到二十世紀(jì)上半葉,英國青年工作發(fā)展到鼎盛時期,出現(xiàn)了影響力巨大的童子軍運(yùn)動。而二戰(zhàn)之后,由于社會的變化和政府的不當(dāng)干預(yù),青年工作開始走下坡路,撒切爾時代的英國政府更是削減了對青年工作的投入。但是在政府的干預(yù)退潮之后,民間志愿性組織的積極性反而得到了充分的發(fā)揮,九十年代,在新工黨上臺之后,英國青年工作形成了以民間志愿組織為主要力量,政府干預(yù)為輔的格局。經(jīng)過一百多年的發(fā)展,英國青年工作在幫助和支持青少年,為青少年代言方面取得了重大的成就,但是在很多領(lǐng)域如少數(shù)族裔青年工作方面也存在著很多不足。在回顧了英國青年工作的發(fā)展歷程之后,我們可以看出,青年工作不僅與青年人本身有關(guān)系,也是和整個社會的發(fā)展和需要是有關(guān)系的,英國青年工作最早是在工業(yè)革命帶來了諸多社會問題的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的,隨著英國社會的變遷,英國青年工作也隨之變化革新,在不同的時代以適應(yīng)當(dāng)時的社會需要。此外,英國的青年工作有著十分重視民間青年組織的志愿性和青年人的積極參與的,并且具有強(qiáng)調(diào)青年人的道德教化的特點。英國青年工作在歷史上發(fā)展較快的階段,都是在民間青年組織積極發(fā)揮作用,尊重青年人的積極性,重視青年人的需求的基礎(chǔ)上建立起來的,這也是如今英國青年工作仍然保持著相當(dāng)?shù)纳Φ闹匾颉．?dāng)然,民間志愿性組織存在著其自身的局限性,政府的過多干預(yù)會削減志愿性組織的積極性,但政府在志愿性組織難以發(fā)揮作用的方面也應(yīng)當(dāng)積極采取措施,換言之,政府和民間青年組織在青年工作上應(yīng)該形成某種平衡,這是我們回顧英國青年工作歷史的重要結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:In the nineteenth century, along with the process of industrialization and urbanization in England, a large number of farmers entered the city and became a working class. The children of the working class are faced with a new living environment, and because of poverty and lack of education, they can easily become problem teenagers, leading to the transmission of labor poverty from generation to generation. In this case, in order to help young people through the difficulties, healthy growth, in the late nineteenth century, British youth work was born. Although the early youth work had various limitations, it laid a solid foundation for the later development of youth work. By the first half of the twentieth century, youth work in England had grown to its peak, and there was an influential scout movement. After World War II, due to social changes and improper government intervention, youth work began to decline, the Thatcher era of the British government to reduce the investment in youth work. However, after the government's intervention has receded, the enthusiasm of non-governmental voluntary organizations has been brought into full play. In the 1990s, after the New Labour Party came to power, British youth work formed a major force with non-governmental voluntary organizations as the main force. The pattern of government intervention as a supplement. After more than one hundred years of development, British youth work has made great achievements in helping and supporting young people and advocating for young people. However, there are many shortcomings in many fields, such as minority youth work. After reviewing the development of youth work in Britain, we can see that youth work is not only related to young people themselves, but also to the development and needs of society as a whole. British youth work was first produced on the basis of many social problems brought about by the industrial revolution. With the change of the British society, the British youth work also changed and innovated in different times to meet the needs of the society at that time. In addition, the youth work in Britain has the characteristics of attaching great importance to the voluntary nature of civil youth organizations and the active participation of young people, and emphasizing the moral education of young people. The rapid development of youth work in Britain has been established on the basis of the active role played by non-governmental youth organizations, respect for the initiative of young people and attention to the needs of young people. This is also an important reason why British youth work still remains quite alive. Of course, non-governmental voluntary organizations have their own limitations, too much government intervention will reduce the enthusiasm of voluntary organizations, but the government should also actively take measures in the areas where voluntary organizations are difficult to play their role, in other words, The government and civil youth organizations should strike a balance in the work of young people, which is an important conclusion in reviewing the history of youth work in Britain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K561.4

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