本文選題：英國 + 政府��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：愛德華—世至三世執(zhí)政時期(1272-1377)是英國社會封建經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型時期,此時英國的工商各業(yè),在外來資金的注入下充滿活力。英國的外國商人中,意大利商人與英國國王們的瓜葛最深,他們以“教皇收稅人”的身份帶著大量的資金來到了英國,投資于羊毛出口的相關(guān)貿(mào)易和王室貸款活動中。外國商人的資本流入,在一定程度上刺激了英國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,為英國社會最終成功轉(zhuǎn)型奠定了基礎(chǔ),并起到了重要的促進作用。在這些轉(zhuǎn)變過程中,意大利商人在英國投資,在多大程度上發(fā)揮作用,以及發(fā)揮作用的情況如何,是本文要考察的問題。 中世紀早期的英國以農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟為基礎(chǔ),經(jīng)濟落后的地位,商人保守并弱小,王室財政困難,在這樣的背景下英國政府采取優(yōu)渥意商的政策,促使意大利商人在英國的工商業(yè)擁有經(jīng)營特權(quán)及壟斷經(jīng)濟地位。 英國的意大利商業(yè)組織具有組織形式多樣,實力雄厚和商業(yè)經(jīng)營技術(shù)高超的特點。意大利商人為英王提供巨額的貸款,使其能順利進行行政生活,進而得到英國貿(mào)易的出口特權(quán)。意大利商人在英國商業(yè)活動逐步走向衰落是由于英王的信譽意識缺失、償還能力薄弱、英國本土商人與其激烈的競爭和意大利商業(yè)組織內(nèi)部的競爭及外部的政治壓力。 中世紀英國的羊毛質(zhì)優(yōu)價廉暢銷世界。佛羅倫薩、盧卡和熱那亞等意大利商人投資的首選,當(dāng)然是羊毛以及羊毛相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的貿(mào)易。英國的意大利商人,其投資形式主要是商業(yè)和金融貨幣方面。意大利商人投資的商業(yè)領(lǐng)域包括,羊毛、呢絨制品的出口貿(mào)易和毛紡織原料的進口貿(mào)易；貨幣金融領(lǐng)域則主要表現(xiàn)在英國,英王身上傾注了大規(guī)模的投資,投資收益豐厚。 意大利商人在英國的投資,對其經(jīng)濟政治的發(fā)展具有積極的意義和深刻的影響。第一是13世紀末期至14世紀末期,英國的本土商人與意大利商人長期經(jīng)濟特權(quán)進行抗?fàn)?并在競爭中不斷壯大了自身力量、財力,提高了海內(nèi)外商業(yè)競爭力。第二是在意大利商人經(jīng)濟特權(quán)的間接作用下,促進了商人與政府合作,并由政府出臺保護英國貿(mào)易的相關(guān)政策。第三是在愛德華一世至愛德華三世統(tǒng)治時期,意大利商人資本注入為英國的羊毛產(chǎn)品打開的前所未有的市場,對英國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展起到積極的促進作用。
[Abstract]:The period of Edward - world to the third ruling (1272-1377) was the period of the transformation of the feudal economy in the British society. At this time, Britain's industry and commerce were full of vitality in the injection of foreign capital. Among the foreign businessmen of Britain, the businessmen of Italy and the British kings were most deeply involved, and they came with a lot of money as "the Pope tax collector". In Britain, in the related trade and royal loan activities of the export of wool, the inflow of foreign businessmen, to some extent, stimulated the development of the British economy, laid the foundation for the successful transformation of the British society, and played an important role in promoting the investment of Italy businessmen in Britain in the course of these changes. How to play a role and how to play a role is the question that this article will examine.
In the early Middle Ages, Britain was based on the agricultural economy, the economy was backward, the merchant was conservative and weak, and the royal family was financially difficult. Under this background, the British government adopted the policy of good business, which prompted the businessmen of Italy to have the privileges and the monopoly of economic status in the British industry and commerce.
The Italy commercial organization in Britain has a variety of organizational forms, strong strength and high business technology. Italy merchants provide a huge loan for the king of England, so that they can carry out the administrative life smoothly and get the export privileges of the British trade. The business activities of Italy merchants are gradually declining because of the British King's letter. The lack of reputation consciousness, the weak ability to repay, the fierce competition of British businessmen and the internal competition and external political pressure of Italy commercial organizations.
The woolen quality of medieval England was a good and cheap selling world. Florence, Luca and Genoa and other Italy merchants preferred the investment, of course, wool and wool related industries. The British businessmen of Italy, whose investment forms were mainly commercial and financial currencies. The commercial areas of Italy merchants included wool, woolen and woolen products. The export trade of products and the import trade of wool textile raw materials; money and finance are mainly shown in the UK, and the British king has poured a large amount of investment on the British king, and the profit of investment is rich.
The investment of Italy merchants in Britain has a positive significance and profound influence on its economic and political development. First, from the end of thirteenth Century to the end of fourteenth Century, the local businessmen of Britain fought against the long-term economic privileges of Italy merchants and strengthened their own strength and financial resources in the competition. Two, under the indirect effect of the economic privileges of Italy merchants, promoted the cooperation between businessmen and the government, and the government promulgated relevant policies to protect the British trade. Third, during the period of Edward I to Edward III, the capital of Italy merchants was injected into the unprecedented market of British wool products and the hair of the British economy. Play a positive role in promoting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K561.32

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