本文選題：日本 + 非洲　； 參考：《蘇州科技學院》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】：戰(zhàn)后由于特殊的國內(nèi)、國際環(huán)境,日本只能以經(jīng)濟外交的手段開展對外活動。政府開發(fā)援助是日本對外政治、經(jīng)濟關(guān)系的重要組成部分,同時也是日本擴大自身國際影響,實現(xiàn)其政治大國這一戰(zhàn)略目標的工具。1954年,日本加入“科倫坡計劃”后,開始以援助國的身份正式提供政府援助。1989年,日本超過美國成為世界第一援助大國。 從60年代初至冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的今天,日本對非洲的政府開發(fā)援助已經(jīng)走過了40多年的歷程。日本對非洲的政府開發(fā)援助始終服務(wù)于國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,實際上是日本對非外交政策的一個重要組成部分。從援助途徑看,日本對非洲的政府開發(fā)援助包括“雙邊援助”和“多邊援助”兩種。近年來,在日本的對外雙邊援助中,非洲國家所占的比重大幅度上升。2006年,非洲超過日本的傳統(tǒng)雙邊受援地區(qū)亞洲,位居首位,非洲在日本對外援助政策中的地位明顯加強。截止到2007年,日本已向50個非洲國家和地區(qū)中的48個國家提供了政府開發(fā)援助。 根據(jù)日本和非洲戰(zhàn)后經(jīng)濟、政治的發(fā)展變化,日本對非洲的援助實踐大致分為兩大階段:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后至1990年代和1990年代至今。其中這兩大階段又包括五個小的時期。不同的歷史時期,由于日本國家戰(zhàn)略的側(cè)重點不同,日本對非洲經(jīng)濟援助的目的有所不同,對非洲的政府開發(fā)援助政策也隨之調(diào)整,日非關(guān)系也受到一定程度的影響。具體來說,日本對非洲的政府開發(fā)援助的目的,在二十世紀六七十年代是經(jīng)濟主義至上,七八十年代是經(jīng)濟與政治利益并重,九十年代后突出政治戰(zhàn)略作用,二十一世紀服務(wù)于日本大國的外交。 在戰(zhàn)后對非洲國家實施政府開發(fā)援助過程中,日本對非援助的重要特點是無償援助。日本對非洲政府開發(fā)援助的重點領(lǐng)域,在1990年代以前是經(jīng)濟援助為重;1990年代后至2000年代初是包括經(jīng)濟、政治、安全諸領(lǐng)域在內(nèi)的綜合援助;2008年第四屆非洲發(fā)展國際會議通過的《橫濱行動計劃》,將援助重點定在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、貿(mào)易投資和旅游、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村開發(fā)、基礎(chǔ)教育和醫(yī)療、地區(qū)和平以及應(yīng)對環(huán)境與氣候變化等領(lǐng)域。 日本對非洲ODA實施以及日本非洲外交關(guān)系的發(fā)展、演變,受到不同的國際政治經(jīng)濟環(huán)境以及雙方自身變化因素的制約。日本對非洲ODA實施對雙方關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了經(jīng)濟、政治、文化等多方面的影響。
[Abstract]:After the war, due to the special domestic and international environment, Japan can only carry out foreign activities by means of economic diplomacy. Government development assistance is an important part of Japan's foreign political and economic relations, and also a tool for Japan to expand its own international influence and realize its strategic goal of being a political power. In 1954, after Japan joined the Colombo Plan, In 1989, Japan overtook the United States to become the world's largest donor. From the early 1960s to the end of the Cold War, Japan's government development assistance to Africa has gone through more than 40 years. Japan's government development assistance to Africa has always served the national development strategy, which is in fact an important part of Japan's foreign policy towards Africa. In terms of aid, Japan's government development aid to Africa includes bilateral aid and multilateral aid. In recent years, the proportion of African countries in Japan's foreign bilateral aid has increased dramatically. In 2006, Africa surpassed Japan's traditional bilateral aid region, Asia, ranking first, and Africa's position in Japan's foreign aid policy has been strengthened significantly. By 2007, Japan had provided government development assistance to 48 of 50 African countries. According to the economic and political development of Japan and Africa after the war, Japan's aid to Africa can be divided into two stages: from the second World War to the 1990s and from the 1990s to the present. These two major stages also include five small periods. In different historical periods, because of the different emphasis of Japan's national strategy, the purpose of Japan's economic aid to Africa is different, the government development aid policy to Africa is adjusted, and the Japan-Africa relationship is also affected to a certain extent. Specifically, the purpose of Japan's government development assistance to Africa was the supremacy of economicism in the 1960s and 1970s, the equal emphasis on economic and political interests in the 1970s and 1980s, and the emphasis on political strategy after the 1990s. Diplomatic service to Japan in the 21 th century. In the process of governmental development aid to African countries after the war, the important characteristic of Japanese aid to Africa is free aid. The priority areas of Japan's development assistance to African governments were economic assistance before the 1990s and economic and political assistance from the 1990s to the early 2000s. Integrated assistance in the areas of security; Yokohama Plan of Action, adopted by the fourth International Conference on African Development in 2008, focusing assistance on infrastructure, trade investment and tourism, agricultural and rural development, basic education and health care, Regional peace and environmental and climate change response. The implementation of Japan's ODA to Africa and the development and evolution of Japan's diplomatic relations in Africa are restricted by different international political and economic environments and their own changing factors. Japan's ODA to Africa has had an economic, political and cultural impact on bilateral relations.
【學位授予單位】：蘇州科技學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K313.5

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