本文選題：20世紀(jì)前半期 + 英國(guó)　； 參考：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 對(duì)議會(huì)制度進(jìn)行改革是英國(guó)政治制度不斷發(fā)展和完善的重要內(nèi)容,經(jīng)過(guò)19世紀(jì)的三次議會(huì)改革,議會(huì)上議院及其主要成員世襲土地貴族受到一定削弱,選舉權(quán)得到進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。但由于改革的不徹底,上議院的保守作風(fēng)仍然是下議院法案通過(guò)的重要障礙,廣大婦女仍然沒(méi)有選舉權(quán)。 20世紀(jì)前半期的英國(guó)議會(huì)改革是在多種因素共同作用下實(shí)現(xiàn)的。兩黨制下的政黨斗爭(zhēng)是議會(huì)改革的重要推動(dòng)力量,不成文憲法為改革的順利進(jìn)行提供了寬松的政治環(huán)境;經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,社會(huì)生產(chǎn)水平提高,使公民參與政治的愿望增強(qiáng);教育普及和教學(xué)水平的提高,培養(yǎng)了公民的民主意識(shí)和從事民主政治生活的能力;戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)則是進(jìn)行議會(huì)選舉制度改革的催化劑。 進(jìn)入20世紀(jì),英國(guó)議會(huì)改革的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容是調(diào)整議會(huì)上議院和下議院的關(guān)系,改革選舉制度中的不合理現(xiàn)象,賦予廣大婦女選舉權(quán),實(shí)現(xiàn)普選制,廢除只有少數(shù)人享有的復(fù)票權(quán)。對(duì)英國(guó)的世襲貴族及其控制的上議院權(quán)力進(jìn)行限制是英國(guó)議會(huì)斗爭(zhēng)的主要內(nèi)容之一。20世紀(jì)前半期通過(guò)的1911年議會(huì)法和1949年議會(huì)法,使上議院權(quán)力被進(jìn)一步限制和削弱,其權(quán)力、地位和影響大大下降,而代表民選意志的下議院權(quán)力進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了民意的一個(gè)勝利。普選制的實(shí)現(xiàn)作為政治民主化的另外一個(gè)重要表現(xiàn)成為20世紀(jì)前半期英國(guó)議會(huì)改革的另外一個(gè)主要內(nèi)容,經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的斗爭(zhēng),20世紀(jì)前半期的英國(guó)在議會(huì)選舉制度上也取得了巨大進(jìn)步,這一時(shí)期的三部人民代表法,不但賦予廣大婦女和男子同樣的選舉權(quán),實(shí)現(xiàn)普選制,同時(shí)廢除了不平等的復(fù)票制。20世紀(jì)前半期的英國(guó)議會(huì)制度改革所取得的成果推動(dòng)了英國(guó)政治民主化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The reform of the parliamentary system is an important part of the continuous development and perfection of the British political system. After three parliamentary reforms in the 19th century, the House of Lords and their main members, the hereditary land aristocrats, have been weakened to a certain extent, and the right to vote has been further expanded. However, due to the incomplete reform, the conservative style of the House of Lords remains an important obstacle to the passage of the House of Commons bill. The majority of women still do not have the right to vote. The first half of the 20th century Britain's parliamentary reform was effected by a combination of factors. The struggle of political parties under the system of two parties is an important driving force of parliamentary reform, and the unwritten constitution provides a loose political environment for the smooth implementation of the reform, the economic development, the improvement of social production, and the strengthening of citizens' desire to participate in politics; The popularization of education and the improvement of teaching level have cultivated citizens' democratic consciousness and ability to engage in democratic political life, while war is the catalyst for the reform of parliamentary election system. In the 20th century, the focus of the reform of the British Parliament is to adjust the relationship between the House of Lords and the House of Commons, to reform the unreasonable phenomenon in the electoral system, to give women the right to vote, to achieve universal suffrage, and to abolish the right of revoting which only a few people enjoy. The restriction of the hereditary aristocracy and the powers of the House of Lords under their control was one of the main contents of the British parliamentary struggle. The Parliament Act of 1911 and the Parliamentary Act of 1949, adopted in the first half of the 20th century, further restricted and weakened the powers of the House of Lords. The power of the House of Commons, which represents the will of the people, was further strengthened, a victory for public opinion. As another important manifestation of political democratization, the realization of universal suffrage became another major part of the British parliamentary reform in the first half of the 20th century. After a century-long struggle and the first half of the 20th century, Britain also made great progress in its parliamentary election system. In this period, the three people's representative laws not only gave women and men the same right to vote, but also realized universal suffrage. At the same time, the results of the reform of the British parliamentary system in the first half of the 20th century promoted the process of political democratization in Britain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K561.4

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李濟(jì)時(shí);;英國(guó)選舉制度與代議制民主的效能分析——以民意代表性和統(tǒng)治有效性為視角[J];當(dāng)代世界與社會(huì)主義;2006年06期

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本文編號(hào)：2057180