本文選題：捷克斯洛伐克 + 民族陣線政府　； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 捷克斯洛伐克民族陣線政府的建立和分裂為我們理解后來的布拉格之春,甚至為我們理解東歐劇變提供了一條有益的線索。了解這一段歷史有著重要的意義。本文在國內(nèi)外對捷克斯洛伐克民族陣線政府的研究的基礎上,結合自己掌握大量資料,試圖對1945年-1948年捷克斯洛伐克民族陣線政府的建立和分裂進行一番闡釋。 本文分為前言、正文、結語三個部分。前言主要介紹了選題的意義和國內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀。正文分為三章。 第一章主要論述了捷克斯洛伐克反德民族陣線的形成。在捷克斯洛伐克反德民族陣線的形成中,蘇聯(lián)起了非常重要的作用。蘇德戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,蘇聯(lián)與捷克斯洛伐克流亡政府的關系得到改善,并在1943年底簽訂了《蘇捷友好互助和戰(zhàn)后合作條約》。蘇聯(lián)與捷克斯洛伐克流亡政府關系的改善為捷共和非共產(chǎn)黨關系的改善奠定了基礎。 蘇德戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,在捷克斯洛伐克,共產(chǎn)黨和非共產(chǎn)黨迅速改善了關系,形成了反德民族陣線,而反德民族陣線是戰(zhàn)后建立的民族陣線政府的萌芽。 反德民族陣線建立后,雙方在斯洛伐克民族起義的問題上有一定程度上的合作,但在捷克斯洛伐克由蘇聯(lián)紅軍還是由美英軍隊解放、捷蘇關于外喀爾巴阡烏克蘭協(xié)定等問題上出現(xiàn)分歧。這為后來民族陣線政府的分裂埋下了伏筆。 第二章論述了捷克斯洛伐克民族陣線政府的建立。二戰(zhàn)后,在捷克斯洛伐克共產(chǎn)黨和非共產(chǎn)黨戰(zhàn)時合作的基礎上,以及受蘇聯(lián)東歐政策的影響,捷克斯洛伐克建立了民族陣線政府,并且頒布了科希策綱領。 捷克斯洛伐克民族陣線政府內(nèi)部在以下幾個問題上存在著分歧和矛盾:1、蘇美軍隊何時撤軍;2、如何處理捷克斯洛伐克國內(nèi)各黨派的關系:3、如何處理捷克斯洛伐克中央政府和斯洛伐克地方政府之間的關系。 第三章主要論述了捷克斯洛伐克民族陣線政府的分裂。捷共在1946年的大選中獲得大勝,從而在國家內(nèi)外政策的制定上能夠發(fā)揮更大的作用。而非共產(chǎn)黨在1946年選舉后,更積極地與捷共爭奪在國內(nèi)的政治影響,使雙方的矛盾不斷尖銳化。 在美蘇對抗不斷加劇及意共和法共被趕出政府的國際背景下,資產(chǎn)階級政黨聯(lián)合起來,企圖通過制造政府危機,迫使捷克斯洛伐克共產(chǎn)黨的部長們在大選前辭職,由貝奈斯任命一個不包括共產(chǎn)黨人的看守政府。但是捷共在人民的支持下,反而促使貝奈斯總統(tǒng)批準了資產(chǎn)階級政黨的部長們的辭職。二月事件后,捷克斯洛伐克共產(chǎn)黨完全掌握了國家政權。 結語部分主要論述了捷克斯洛伐克民族陣線政府的建立和分裂這一過程在捷克斯洛伐克歷史上所產(chǎn)生的影響。
[Abstract]:The establishment and division of the Czechoslovak National Front government provided a useful clue to our understanding of the Prague Spring and even the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe. It is of great significance to understand this period of history. Based on the research of Czechoslovak National Front government at home and abroad, this paper tries to explain the establishment and division of Czechoslovak National Front government from 1945 to 1948. This paper is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface mainly introduces the significance of the topic and the current situation of domestic and foreign research. The text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the formation of Czechoslovak anti-German National Front. The Soviet Union played a very important role in the formation of the Czechoslovak anti-German National Front. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia's exiled government improved their relations and signed the Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance and postwar Cooperation between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia at the end of 1943. The improvement of the relations between Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia in exile laid the foundation for the improvement of relations between Czech Republic and non-Communist Party. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, in Czechoslovakia, the Communists and non-Communists rapidly improved their relations and formed the Anti-German National Front, which was the seed of the national front government established after the war. After the establishment of the Anti-German National Front, the two sides cooperated to a certain extent on the issue of the ethnic uprising in Slovakia. But in Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Red Army or the US and British troops liberated it. Czesu on the outer Carpathian Ukraine agreement and other issues on the issue of disagreement. This laid the groundwork for the subsequent split of the National Front Government. The second chapter discusses the establishment of Czechoslovak National Front government. After World War II, Czechoslovakia established the National Front government and promulgated Kochitzer program on the basis of wartime cooperation between the Czechoslovak Communist Party and the non-Communist Party, and influenced by the Soviet Union's Eastern European policy. Within the government of the Czechoslovak National Front, there are differences and contradictions on the following issues: 1. When will the Soviet-US troops withdraw, how to handle the relations between the various parties in Czechoslovakia: 3, and how to deal with the Sino-Czechoslovak relations The relationship between the central government and the Slovak local government. The third chapter mainly discusses the division of Czechoslovak National Front government. The CPZ won the general election in 1946, thus playing a greater role in the formulation of domestic and foreign policies. After the 1946 elections, the Communist Party fought more actively for political influence in the country, which sharpened the conflict between the two sides. In the international context of the growing confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union and the expulsion of the Italian, Republican, French and Communist Party from the government, bourgeois political parties United in an attempt to force the ministers of the Czechoslovak Communist Party to resign before the election by creating a government crisis. Benes appointed a caretaker government that did not include communists. But with the support of the people, President Benes approved the resignation of ministers of bourgeois parties. After the February incident, the Czechoslovak Communist Party took full control of the state. The conclusion mainly discusses the influence of the establishment and division of the Czechoslovak National Front on Czechoslovakia's history.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K514

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