本文選題：洛克菲勒基金會 + 黑非洲��； 參考：《華東師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：洛克菲勒基金會作為獨立于政府和企業(yè)之外的民間組織,自成立以來,其本著“為全人類謀福利”的宗旨,為世界一些地區(qū)的發(fā)展做了不少工作。自20世紀50年代早期開始,洛克菲勒基金會通過撥款和派遣科研專家等形式,為黑非洲的農(nóng)作物品種改良、畜禽疾病防治和農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人才培養(yǎng)付出了很大努力,也取得了一定成效,推動了黑非洲現(xiàn)代化的起步。但由于黑非洲地區(qū)經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)極為薄弱、當?shù)卣疀Q策失誤與重視不夠,再加上基金會本身活動的局限性等因素的存在,洛克菲勒基金會的黑非洲農(nóng)業(yè)項目可能不如它的墨西哥計劃和印度計劃那樣效果明顯。 本文擬從洛克菲勒基金會作為在當今世界影響日益深遠的國際非政府組織的視角入手,首先概述基金會的發(fā)跡史及其海外活動情況,再以1952-1972年期間基金會在肯尼亞、坦桑尼亞、烏干達和尼日利亞等黑非洲主要國家開展的農(nóng)業(yè)項目為對象,進行深入、細致的剖析,力求對其合作項目作出客觀評價,同時試圖闡述黑非洲農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展困境與基金會活動的有效性之間的關(guān)系以及美國對非政策與基金會農(nóng)業(yè)合作項目的關(guān)系。筆者不揣淺陋,對該問題加以粗略梳理與探析,還望學界明達多多指教。 論文正文分四章,第一章介紹了洛克菲勒家族的崛起、洛克菲勒基金會的創(chuàng)建,簡要概述了洛克菲勒基金會在亞非拉等欠發(fā)達地區(qū)的活動經(jīng)歷,并分析了其海外農(nóng)業(yè)項目的成就及不足。它為解決亞非拉地區(qū)的糧食短缺問題做出了一定貢獻,但實際活動中仍受制于復雜而且經(jīng)常是不可預知的社會、經(jīng)濟與政治因素。 第二章詳細梳理了洛克菲勒基金會在黑非洲的農(nóng)業(yè)合作活動�；饡粌H直接資助黑非洲地區(qū)的農(nóng)作物品種改良和畜禽疾病防治工作,而且還援助國際農(nóng)業(yè)研究院建設(shè)、重視非洲當?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)及農(nóng)業(yè)高等教育發(fā)展。 第三章是對洛克菲勒基金會扶持肯尼亞農(nóng)業(yè)與教育發(fā)展進行的個案研究�；饡葹樗估锇娃r(nóng)業(yè)學院和埃格頓農(nóng)業(yè)學院提供了大批資助,又派出數(shù)位專家與肯尼亞本土人員合作開展小麥研究。 第四章是本文的結(jié)論部分,不僅客觀總結(jié)了洛克菲勒基金會的黑非洲農(nóng)業(yè)項目的優(yōu)勢與不足,并且指出了當今黑非洲農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的困境制約了基金會的活動進程�；饡霓r(nóng)業(yè)援助活動具有很大的開創(chuàng)性和風險性,既有利于新觀念的普及,也推動了黑非洲本土農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人才的培養(yǎng)。但由于黑非洲地區(qū)經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)極為薄弱、當?shù)卣疀Q策失誤與重視不夠,再加上基金會本身活動的局限性等因素的存在,所以其黑非洲農(nóng)業(yè)活動效果并不是特別明顯,而且其某些行為也具有自私傾向,屢遭詬病。 余論部分簡要分析了洛克菲勒基金會的黑非洲農(nóng)業(yè)項目與戰(zhàn)后美國對非政策之間的關(guān)系�？梢哉f,洛克菲勒基金會的黑非洲農(nóng)業(yè)援助項目在大方向上與美國對非政策是一致的,但又不乏矛盾和距離。
[Abstract]:Since its establishment, the Rockefeller foundation, a civil organization independent of government and enterprises, has done a lot of work for the development of some regions in the world since its establishment. Since the early 1950s, the Rockefeller foundation has allocated funds and scientific research experts to serve as a farmer in black Africa. The improvement of crop varieties, the prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases and the cultivation of agricultural technical personnel have made great efforts and achieved some achievements, which have promoted the start of the modernization of black Africa. However, because of the weak economic base of the black African region, the lack of local government decision making and the lack of attention, and the limitations of the foundation's own activities, The Rockefeller Foundation's Black Africa agriculture project may not be as effective as its Mexico plan and India plan.
From the perspective of the Rockefeller foundation, which is an increasingly far-reaching international non-governmental organization in the world today, this paper first outlines the history of the foundation and its overseas activities, and then the agricultural projects in major black African countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Nigeria during the 1952-1972 years. In order to make a thorough and detailed analysis, we try to make an objective evaluation of its cooperative project, and try to explain the relationship between the development dilemma of agriculture in black Africa and the effectiveness of the foundation of the foundation, as well as the relationship between the non policy and the foundation for agricultural cooperation in the United States. It is also expected that the academic world is more enlighten.
The text of the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the rise of the Rockefeller family and the creation of the Rockefeller foundation, briefly outlines the activities of the Rockefeller foundation in the underdeveloped areas such as Asia and Africa, and analyses the achievements and shortcomings of its overseas agricultural projects. It has made some contributions to solve the problem of food shortage in the region of Asia and Africa. But actual activities are still constrained by complex and often unpredictable social, economic and political factors.
The second chapter deals with the agricultural cooperation activities of the Rockefeller foundation in black Africa in detail. The foundation not only directly subsidized the improvement of crop varieties in black Africa and the prevention and control of livestock and poultry disease, but also assisted the construction of the International Agricultural Research Institute, and attached great importance to the development of agricultural talents cultivation in Africa and the development of agricultural higher education.
The third chapter is a case study of the Rockefeller Foundation's support for the development of agriculture and education in Kenya. The foundation has provided a large amount of funding for the Academy of agriculture and the Agron Institute of agriculture, and also sent several experts to cooperate with local people in Kenya to carry out the research on wheat.
The fourth chapter is the conclusion of this article, which not only objectively summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the Rockefeller Foundation's black African agricultural project, but also points out that the dilemma of agricultural development in black Africa restricts the activities of the foundation. The fund's agricultural aid activities are very pioneering and risky, which are beneficial to the new concept. It has also promoted the cultivation of local agricultural technicians in black Africa, but because of the weak economic base of the black African region, the lack of local government decision making and the lack of attention, and the limitations of the foundation's own activities, the effect of the agricultural activities in black Africa is not particularly obvious, and some of its actions are also Selfish tendencies are repeatedly criticized.
The remaining part briefly analyzes the relationship between the Rockefeller Foundation's black African agricultural project and the post-war American policy. It can be said that the Rockefeller Foundation's black African agricultural aid project is in the same direction as the US policy in the big direction, but there is no lack of contradiction and departure.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K153;F34

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