本文選題：法國(guó) + 卡佩王朝�。� 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：11世紀(jì)以后,法國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,特別是城市的興起與城市的自治運(yùn)動(dòng)都極大的沖擊了封建采邑制。隨之而來的是法國(guó)社會(huì)內(nèi)部社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的演變,市民的力量開始崛起,地方領(lǐng)地的勢(shì)力受到削弱。至此同時(shí),卡佩家族開始了大規(guī)模的王室領(lǐng)地的擴(kuò)張運(yùn)動(dòng),王權(quán)不斷地上升。 1190年菲力·奧古斯都頒布一系列法令,在此基礎(chǔ)上邑督制在王室領(lǐng)地內(nèi)開始確立。經(jīng)過邑督稱謂的統(tǒng)一和邑督區(qū)的建立,邑督制逐漸變的完善起來。國(guó)王在原有的王室領(lǐng)地和新收回的領(lǐng)地上設(shè)立邑督,利用他們來維護(hù)領(lǐng)地的統(tǒng)一。邑督擁有行政監(jiān)督權(quán)、司法審判權(quán)和財(cái)政權(quán)三項(xiàng)基本政治職能,他們從國(guó)王那領(lǐng)有薪俸,不再獲得領(lǐng)地。國(guó)王對(duì)他們進(jìn)行任命、監(jiān)督、調(diào)動(dòng)或撤職。早期國(guó)王經(jīng)常從原有領(lǐng)地任命那些貴族為邑督,不過隨著羅馬法的復(fù)興和大學(xué)教育的興盛,接受法學(xué)教育的專門人才越來越多的被國(guó)王任命為邑督。邑督制有助于三級(jí)會(huì)議和王國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立,邑督的職能則逐漸的被興起的官吏階層所取代。邑督制一方面有助于國(guó)王增強(qiáng)集權(quán)性統(tǒng)治,另一方面也促進(jìn)了官吏階層的出現(xiàn)與發(fā)展。然而,邑督制仍具有局限性,它依然是封建制度的產(chǎn)物。
[Abstract]:After the 11th century, the rapid development of social economy in France, especially the rise of the city and the city autonomy movement have greatly impacted the feudal fief system. Then came the evolution of the internal social structure of French society, the rise of civic power and the weakening of local territory. At the same time, the Capei family began a massive expansion of royal territory, and Wang Quan continued to rise. In 1190, Felix Augustus issued a series of decrees, and on this basis, the governor began to establish in the royal territory. Through the unification of the title of the governor and the establishment of the district, the system of the governor was gradually improved. The king established governors on the original and newly recovered territories, using them to preserve the unity of the territory. The governor had three basic political functions: administrative supervision, judicial jurisdiction, and fiscal power. They received salaries from the king and no longer acquired territory. The king appointed, supervised, transferred or dismissed them. Early kings often appointed aristocrats as governors from their original territories, but with the revival of Roman law and the prosperity of university education, more and more law education specialists were appointed by the king. The governor system was helpful to the establishment of the three-level council and the establishment of the kingdom, and the functions of the governor were gradually replaced by the rise of the official class. On the one hand, the governor system helps the king to strengthen the centralized rule, on the other hand, it also promotes the emergence and development of the official class. However, the city governor system still has its limitations, it is still the product of the feudal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D756.5;K565

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