本文選題：勃列日涅夫 + 蘇聯(lián)��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文著重研究勃列日涅夫時期,蘇聯(lián)在能源領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展與決策以及由此對蘇聯(lián)之后政治經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的影響。 勃列日涅夫時期是蘇聯(lián)歷史上的一個重要時期。在其長達18年的執(zhí)政時期中(1964-1982)蘇聯(lián)的綜合國力達到頂峰,經(jīng)濟實力躍居世界第二位,僅次于美國；軍事實力足以與美國平起平坐,人民的物質(zhì)和文化水平較其他時期都有明顯的提高。但是,另一方面相較其取得的成就而言,這一時期蘇聯(lián)高度集中的政治、經(jīng)濟體制進一步加強,已經(jīng)成為束縛社會生產(chǎn)力和整個國家進一步發(fā)展的沉重桎梏。雖然蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已經(jīng)或多或少的認(rèn)識到了一些蘇聯(lián)體制存在的問題,卻未能堅持進行切實有效地改革。蘇聯(lián)國力也是從這一時期由輝煌開始跌落,各個方面都出現(xiàn)了深刻的危機。研究勃列日涅夫時期的能源政策,特別是剖析這一時期蘇聯(lián)能源得到空前發(fā)展的情況下,蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展存在的各種問題,對于揭示后來蘇聯(lián)國力由盛轉(zhuǎn)衰的原因,蘇聯(lián)劇變發(fā)生的原因和教訓(xùn)都有十分重要的意義。針對一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟的最終衰落是因為蘇聯(lián)這一時期對”石油美元”過分依賴的這一觀點,本文將從客觀的角度出發(fā),論證蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟的繁榮一時以及其衰落的根本原因是因為蘇聯(lián)對軍事工業(yè)的片面發(fā)展。在這種片面發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)方針下,經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的畸形發(fā)展最終導(dǎo)致蘇聯(lián)國內(nèi)的危機四伏,對能源的依賴則是這種畸形體制下的特殊表現(xiàn)。 本文主要從以下五個部分進行論述： 第一部分介紹勃列日涅夫時期的經(jīng)濟背景。主要論述勃列日涅夫新經(jīng)濟改革的背景、發(fā)展階段、結(jié)果以及新經(jīng)濟改革中的能源工業(yè)。新經(jīng)濟改革與蘇聯(lián)能源的特殊表現(xiàn)有著緊密的關(guān)系,作為背景知識對其內(nèi)容的介紹與分析有利于后面論述的進行。 第二部分是對勃列日涅夫時期國內(nèi)能源政策的分析。蘇聯(lián)能源在這一時期的快速發(fā)展是客觀的歷史事實,無論是從整體產(chǎn)量還是工業(yè)的發(fā)展都達到了前所未有的高度。但是伴隨著這種發(fā)展而來的問題與弊端是蘇聯(lián)能源發(fā)展最終走向僵局的主要原因。 第三部分主要分析能源的對外表現(xiàn)。蘇聯(lián)能源作為其對外戰(zhàn)略重要的籌碼,在蘇聯(lián)對外政策中發(fā)揮著重要作用。對東歐來說,蘇聯(lián)能源是推動他們經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的直接動力；對西方國家而言,蘇聯(lián)能源則是把雙刃劍,可用之亦可受其害。 第四部分從東西方經(jīng)濟關(guān)系方面對蘇聯(lián)能源發(fā)展進行分析。在東西方經(jīng)濟關(guān)系中,美國一直是持控制權(quán)的一方,而蘇聯(lián)能源發(fā)展則是美國不得不時刻防備的重要對象。因為能源領(lǐng)域的諸多變數(shù)是政治、經(jīng)濟、外交、軍事等多個領(lǐng)域的共同作用,蘇聯(lián)的能源發(fā)展尤其如此。 第五部分是對蘇聯(lián)能源發(fā)展問題的總結(jié)與思考。勃列日涅夫時期蘇聯(lián)能源產(chǎn)量的增加、新能源基地的建立、出口的擴大都是能源發(fā)展的主要表現(xiàn)。但是這些表現(xiàn)對經(jīng)濟惡化的幫助是有限的。與其說是蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)局限了能源的發(fā)展,倒不如說在這一時期蘇聯(lián)能源缺乏獨立發(fā)展的空間,依附在僵化的政治經(jīng)濟體制下成為其不斷索取的對象。
[Abstract]:This article focuses on the development and decision-making of the Soviet Union in the energy field during the Brezhnev era and its influence on the development of the political and economic fields after the Soviet Union.
The period of Brezhnev was an important period in the history of the Soviet Union. During the period of 18 years in power (1964-1982) the comprehensive national strength of the Soviet Union reached its peak, and the economic strength leaped in the second place in the world, second only to the United States; the military strength was enough to sit down with the United States, and the quality and cultural level of the people were obviously improved. On the other hand, on the other hand, the high concentration of the Soviet Union's political and economic system in this period has become a heavy shackle for the social productivity and the further development of the country. Although the Soviet leaders have more or less recognized the problems existing in the Soviet system, they have not been hard to be determined. In this period, the Soviet national strength also fell from the glory of the Soviet Union. The energy policy of the Brezhnev period was studied. In particular, in the case of the unprecedented development of the Soviet energy in this period, the various problems existing in the development of the Soviet Union were revealed later. The reasons for the decline of the Soviet national strength, the reasons and lessons of the Soviet Union's upheaval are of great significance. Some scholars believe that the final decline of the Soviet economy is due to the view that the Soviet Union is too dependent on the "oil dollar" during this period. This article will demonstrate the prosperity of the Soviet economy from an objective angle. The fundamental reason for its decline was the one-sided development of the Soviet Union's military industry. Under the guidance of this one-sided development, the deformity of the economic structure eventually led to the crisis in the Soviet Union, and the dependence on energy is a special manifestation of this deformity system.
This article is mainly discussed from the following five parts:
The first part introduces the economic background of the Brezhnev period. It mainly discusses the background of Brezhnev's new economic reform, the stage of development, the result and the energy industry in the new economic reform. The new economic reform is closely related to the special performance of the energy of the Soviet Union. As a background knowledge, the introduction and analysis of its content will be beneficial to the later theory. The statement is carried out.
The second part is the analysis of the domestic energy policy in the period of Brezhnev. The rapid development of the Soviet energy in this period is an objective historical fact, which has reached an unprecedented height in both the overall production and the industrial development. However, the problems and disadvantages accompanied by this development are the ultimate trend of the energy development of the Soviet Union. The main reason for the impasse.
The third part mainly analyzes the external performance of energy. As an important chip of its foreign strategy, the Soviet energy plays an important role in the foreign policy of the Soviet Union. For Eastern Europe, the Soviet energy is the direct driving force for their economic development; for the western countries, the Soviet energy is a double-edged sword, and it can also be harmed.
The fourth part analyses the energy development of the Soviet Union from the eastern and western economic relations. In the eastern and western economic relations, the United States has always been a party of control, while the development of the Soviet Union is an important object that the United States has to guard against. This is especially true of the energy development of the Soviet Union.
The fifth part is the summary and thinking about the energy development of the Soviet Union. The increase of the energy output of the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev period, the establishment of the new energy base and the expansion of the export are the main manifestations of the energy development. However, these performances are limited to the help of the economic deterioration. It is better to say that during this period, the Soviet Union's energy was lacking in independent development space and attached to the rigid political and economic system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K512.56

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