本文選題：德國(guó) + 法國(guó)��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：薩爾位于法德邊界地區(qū),戰(zhàn)略位置非常重要,歷史上兩國(guó)曾在這里輪流統(tǒng)治。近代以來(lái),薩爾利用自身豐富的煤炭資源,建立了大型鋼鐵企業(yè),成為萊茵河上游地區(qū)的重要工業(yè)區(qū)。1935年公民投票后,薩爾最終回歸德國(guó),成為納粹德國(guó)治下的合法領(lǐng)土。二戰(zhàn)后,法國(guó)根據(jù)戰(zhàn)時(shí)制定的外交政策,依托美英盟國(guó)的外交支持,在薩爾推行既成事實(shí)的單邊行動(dòng),基本上實(shí)現(xiàn)了它的外交目標(biāo)——薩爾經(jīng)濟(jì)上與法國(guó)合并、政治上從德國(guó)分離。然而,法國(guó)的單邊行動(dòng)缺乏合法性根據(jù)。冷戰(zhàn)開始后,美英盟國(guó)對(duì)德政策發(fā)生變化,在薩爾問(wèn)題上的對(duì)法國(guó)的支持明顯的有所保留。 聯(lián)邦德國(guó)成立后,在薩爾問(wèn)題上的態(tài)度相當(dāng)明確,始終不承認(rèn)法國(guó)推行的政策。法國(guó)為獲得在薩爾的永久性地位,在薩爾進(jìn)一步采取措施,加強(qiáng)對(duì)薩爾的控制。聯(lián)邦德國(guó)對(duì)法國(guó)繼續(xù)分離薩爾的行動(dòng)堅(jiān)決反對(duì)。這樣,德法兩國(guó)圍繞薩爾問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)論和矛盾愈演愈烈,成為聯(lián)邦德國(guó)重獲國(guó)家主權(quán)和重新武裝的重要障礙。 從1952年開始,薩爾問(wèn)題成為歐洲防務(wù)集團(tuán)條約簽訂和批準(zhǔn)的先決條件。在美英盟國(guó)的壓力之下,法德兩國(guó)以薩爾“歐洲化”為基礎(chǔ),先后進(jìn)行了兩次談判,終因無(wú)法在經(jīng)濟(jì)上達(dá)成協(xié)議而告吹。1954年10月西方盟國(guó)簽訂巴黎協(xié)定時(shí),法國(guó)仍將解決薩爾問(wèn)題作為簽訂協(xié)定的先決條件。兩國(guó)政府再次進(jìn)行談判,并以納特斯計(jì)劃中的“歐洲化”為基礎(chǔ),法德雙方均作出讓步,最終達(dá)成了薩爾“歐洲化”的協(xié)議,并簽訂1954年新法規(guī)。根據(jù)達(dá)成的協(xié)議,薩爾居民將對(duì)1954年新法規(guī)進(jìn)行全民公決,以便決定是否同意“歐洲化”。1955年10月23日,薩爾居民否決了1954年的薩爾法規(guī),薩爾親德派也在新的議會(huì)選舉中獲勝,并且要求重新回歸德國(guó)。此時(shí),法國(guó)只能接受事實(shí)。經(jīng)過(guò)談判,法國(guó)在薩爾經(jīng)濟(jì)利益也得到了解決。1956年底,薩爾在政治上回歸了德國(guó),三年后,薩爾在經(jīng)濟(jì)上也完全回歸了聯(lián)邦德國(guó),至此,薩爾完全回歸聯(lián)邦德國(guó),并成為聯(lián)邦政府的第12個(gè)州。
[Abstract]:Salar is strategically located on the Franco-German border, where the two countries have historically taken turns. Since modern times, Sal has made use of his rich coal resources to establish a large steel enterprise and become an important industrial zone in the upper reaches of the Rhine River. After the referendum in 1935, Sal finally returned to Germany and became a legal territory under Nazi Germany. After World War II, France, in accordance with the foreign policy formulated during the war, relying on the diplomatic support of the United States and the United Kingdom, and carrying out unilateral actions of fait accompli in Sal, basically realized its diplomatic goal-Salar's economic integration with France. Political secession from Germany. However, France's unilateral actions lack legitimacy. Since the beginning of the Cold War, the US and British allies have changed their policy towards Germany, and their support for France on the Salar issue has been obviously reserved. After the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany, the attitude on the Salar issue was quite clear, and they never recognized the policy pursued by France. France, in order to gain permanent status in Sal, took further steps to strengthen its control over Salar. The Federal Republic of Germany firmly opposed the continued secession of France. Thus, the dispute and contradiction between Germany and France over the Salar issue intensified and became an important obstacle to the restoration of national sovereignty and rearming by the Federal Republic of Germany. Since 1952, The question of Sal became a prerequisite for the signing and ratification of the European Defence Group Treaty. Under pressure from the allies of the United States and Britain, France and Germany, on the basis of the "Europeanization" of Salle, conducted two negotiations one after another, which were ultimately defeated by the inability to reach an economic agreement. When the Western allies signed the Paris Agreement in October 1954, France still wants to settle the Sal issue as a precondition for an agreement. The two governments again negotiated, and based on Nates' planned "Europeanization," France and Germany both made concessions, finally reached a "Europeanization" Sal agreement and signed a new 1954 law. According to the agreement reached, the people of Sal will hold a referendum on the new 1954 law to decide whether to agree to "Europeanization." on October 23, 1955, the Sal residents vetoed the 1954 Sal Act. Sal-pro-Germans also won the new parliamentary elections and demanded a return to Germany. At this point, France can only accept the facts. After negotiations, France's economic interests in Sal were also settled. At the end of 1956, Sal returned to Germany politically. Three years later, Sal returned to the Federal Republic of Germany economically. So far, Salar has returned to the Federal Republic of Germany. And became the 12th state of the federal government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K153

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本文編號(hào)：2006536