本文選題：德國 + 法國��； 參考：《華中師范大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：薩爾位于法德邊界地區(qū),戰(zhàn)略位置非常重要,歷史上兩國曾在這里輪流統(tǒng)治。近代以來,薩爾利用自身豐富的煤炭資源,建立了大型鋼鐵企業(yè),成為萊茵河上游地區(qū)的重要工業(yè)區(qū)。1935年公民投票后,薩爾最終回歸德國,成為納粹德國治下的合法領(lǐng)土。二戰(zhàn)后,法國根據(jù)戰(zhàn)時制定的外交政策,依托美英盟國的外交支持,在薩爾推行既成事實的單邊行動,基本上實現(xiàn)了它的外交目標——薩爾經(jīng)濟上與法國合并、政治上從德國分離。然而,法國的單邊行動缺乏合法性根據(jù)。冷戰(zhàn)開始后,美英盟國對德政策發(fā)生變化,在薩爾問題上的對法國的支持明顯的有所保留。 聯(lián)邦德國成立后,在薩爾問題上的態(tài)度相當明確,始終不承認法國推行的政策。法國為獲得在薩爾的永久性地位,在薩爾進一步采取措施,加強對薩爾的控制。聯(lián)邦德國對法國繼續(xù)分離薩爾的行動堅決反對。這樣,德法兩國圍繞薩爾問題的爭論和矛盾愈演愈烈,成為聯(lián)邦德國重獲國家主權(quán)和重新武裝的重要障礙。 從1952年開始,薩爾問題成為歐洲防務(wù)集團條約簽訂和批準的先決條件。在美英盟國的壓力之下,法德兩國以薩爾“歐洲化”為基礎(chǔ),先后進行了兩次談判,終因無法在經(jīng)濟上達成協(xié)議而告吹。1954年10月西方盟國簽訂巴黎協(xié)定時,法國仍將解決薩爾問題作為簽訂協(xié)定的先決條件。兩國政府再次進行談判,并以納特斯計劃中的“歐洲化”為基礎(chǔ),法德雙方均作出讓步,最終達成了薩爾“歐洲化”的協(xié)議,并簽訂1954年新法規(guī)。根據(jù)達成的協(xié)議,薩爾居民將對1954年新法規(guī)進行全民公決,以便決定是否同意“歐洲化”。1955年10月23日,薩爾居民否決了1954年的薩爾法規(guī),薩爾親德派也在新的議會選舉中獲勝,并且要求重新回歸德國。此時,法國只能接受事實。經(jīng)過談判,法國在薩爾經(jīng)濟利益也得到了解決。1956年底,薩爾在政治上回歸了德國,三年后,薩爾在經(jīng)濟上也完全回歸了聯(lián)邦德國,至此,薩爾完全回歸聯(lián)邦德國,并成為聯(lián)邦政府的第12個州。
[Abstract]:Salar is strategically located on the Franco-German border, where the two countries have historically taken turns. Since modern times, Sal has made use of his rich coal resources to establish a large steel enterprise and become an important industrial zone in the upper reaches of the Rhine River. After the referendum in 1935, Sal finally returned to Germany and became a legal territory under Nazi Germany. After World War II, France, in accordance with the foreign policy formulated during the war, relying on the diplomatic support of the United States and the United Kingdom, and carrying out unilateral actions of fait accompli in Sal, basically realized its diplomatic goal-Salar's economic integration with France. Political secession from Germany. However, France's unilateral actions lack legitimacy. Since the beginning of the Cold War, the US and British allies have changed their policy towards Germany, and their support for France on the Salar issue has been obviously reserved. After the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany, the attitude on the Salar issue was quite clear, and they never recognized the policy pursued by France. France, in order to gain permanent status in Sal, took further steps to strengthen its control over Salar. The Federal Republic of Germany firmly opposed the continued secession of France. Thus, the dispute and contradiction between Germany and France over the Salar issue intensified and became an important obstacle to the restoration of national sovereignty and rearming by the Federal Republic of Germany. Since 1952, The question of Sal became a prerequisite for the signing and ratification of the European Defence Group Treaty. Under pressure from the allies of the United States and Britain, France and Germany, on the basis of the "Europeanization" of Salle, conducted two negotiations one after another, which were ultimately defeated by the inability to reach an economic agreement. When the Western allies signed the Paris Agreement in October 1954, France still wants to settle the Sal issue as a precondition for an agreement. The two governments again negotiated, and based on Nates' planned "Europeanization," France and Germany both made concessions, finally reached a "Europeanization" Sal agreement and signed a new 1954 law. According to the agreement reached, the people of Sal will hold a referendum on the new 1954 law to decide whether to agree to "Europeanization." on October 23, 1955, the Sal residents vetoed the 1954 Sal Act. Sal-pro-Germans also won the new parliamentary elections and demanded a return to Germany. At this point, France can only accept the facts. After negotiations, France's economic interests in Sal were also settled. At the end of 1956, Sal returned to Germany politically. Three years later, Sal returned to the Federal Republic of Germany economically. So far, Salar has returned to the Federal Republic of Germany. And became the 12th state of the federal government.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K153

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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2 張健;薩爾問題的解決與西歐早期一體化[J];武漢大學學報(人文科學版);2002年01期

3 蔡倩;;二戰(zhàn)后薩爾問題與法德和解[J];襄樊學院學報;2008年04期

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本文編號：2006536