本文選題：木剌夷 + 阿薩辛�。� 參考：《山西師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：公元11—13世紀,在波斯西北部出現(xiàn)了以阿拉穆特堡為中心,以暗殺活動為主要目的的宗教恐怖團體——木剌夷。木剌夷屬于什葉派伊斯瑪儀派的分支尼扎里派,創(chuàng)始人是哈桑·薩巴赫,他們宣揚自我犧牲進入“精神天堂”,專門從事暗殺政敵的恐怖活動,1256年被旭烈兀率領的蒙古鐵騎所滅。因其教徒在行刺前多服用一種稱為“阿薩辛”(大麻葉)的麻醉劑,在英文書籍中多稱其為“阿薩辛”(Assassin);而在中國史籍稱其為“木剌夷”,意為“異端”或“假道學”。深入研究木剌夷的成因、發(fā)展歷程可為恐怖主義研究提供新的視角。本文除緒論外,共分為三個部分。第一部分,全面剖析了木剌夷的成因,伊斯蘭教內(nèi)部的三次分裂是木剌夷產(chǎn)生的宗教背景;阿拔斯王朝的衰落和塞爾柱帝國的崛起是木剌夷產(chǎn)生的政治背景;阿拉穆特所處的地形特點是木剌夷生存的地理環(huán)境。第二部分,論述了木剌夷的發(fā)展歷程;闡述了尼扎里派的宗教思想,如《古蘭經(jīng)》隱義說、數(shù)字“7”神圣說、隱遁伊瑪目復臨說和新柏拉圖主義宇宙流溢說;分析了木剌夷的組織和培養(yǎng)方式,由總傳教師、大傳教師、傳教師和菲達伊(Fidai,奉獻生命者)首領組成的紀律森嚴、組織嚴密的領導集團,培養(yǎng)經(jīng)過嚴格訓練實施恐怖活動的“菲達伊”,多采取威脅、投毒和刺殺的方式打擊政治敵人和宗教敵人;論述了阿拉穆特時期木剌夷歷代統(tǒng)治者施政方針。第三部分,總結了木剌夷的滅亡與原因。木剌夷本身是一個宗教極端組織,其自身并沒有正規(guī)的軍隊,只是依靠從事暗殺活動的菲達伊完成政治目的。統(tǒng)治后期,統(tǒng)治者政見不一、相互殘殺、民心渙散是導致其滅亡的重要原因。此外,木剌夷屢次劫掠蒙古商旅,嚴重威脅蒙古在伊朗一帶的活動,最終成為蒙古軍隊西征的絆腳石。本文最后,通過比較木剌夷與當今恐怖主義活動的異同初步得出一些反恐行動的啟示。
[Abstract]:In the 11-13 th century AD, in northwestern Persia, a religious terrorist group, Muhari, which centered on Fort Alamut and aimed at assassinations, appeared. The Nizari faction, a branch of Shia Ismaili, was founded by Hassan Sabah, who preached self-sacrifice into a "spiritual paradise". Specializing in the assassination of political opponents of terrorist activities, 1256, led by the Huliwu Mongolia Iron Riding destroyed. Before the assassination, his followers took an anesthetic called "Assassin" (cannabis leaf), which was often referred to as "Assassinan" in English books, while in Chinese history, it was called "lily", meaning "heresy" or "false Taoism". A further study of the causes of the barbarians can provide a new perspective for the study of terrorism. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, the causes of wood barbarians are comprehensively analyzed, the three splits within Islam are the religious background of the wood barbarians, the decline of the Abas dynasty and the rise of the Selzhu empire are the political background of the wood barbarians. Alamut's terrain is characterized by the geographical environment in which the wood thorns exist. In the second part, the author discusses the development course of Muzayi, expounds the religious thoughts of the Nizari school, such as the hidden meaning theory of the Koran, the sacred theory of the number "7", the theory of the reappearance of the reclusive imam and the theory of the universe overflow of Neo-Platonism. This paper analyzes the organization and training methods of Muzayi, a disciplined and well-organized leadership group composed of chief transmission teachers, big transmission teachers, preaching teachers and leaders of Fidaii, Fidaii (who give their lives). "Fedayi", who has been strictly trained to carry out terrorist activities, takes more threats, poisons and assassinations to attack political and religious enemies, and discusses the administrative principles of the successive rulers of Muzayi during the Aramut period. In the third part, the author summarizes the destruction and the reason of the wood prickly. Muhari itself is a religious extremist organization that does not have a regular army and relies on the assassinations of Fedayi for political purposes. In the late period of the reign, the rulers were divided in politics, killed each other, and the people were scattered. In addition, the repeated looting of Mongol business brigades, which seriously threatened Mongolia's activities in Iran, eventually became a stumbling block for the Mongolian army's westward expedition. Finally, by comparing the similarities and differences between the wood prickly and the present terrorist activities, some enlightenment of anti-terrorist action is obtained.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K13

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本文編號：2004662