本文選題：古羅馬 + 婦女��； 參考：《復旦大學》2009年博士論文

【摘要】：在父權制的羅馬社會，男子是世界的主宰，婦女處于依附地位。男子建構了一套對婦女的壓迫體系，其中也包括對婦女美德的規(guī)范，如要求婦女簡樸、勤勞、貞潔、忠誠、謹慎、慈愛、順從、虔誠等等。而從羅馬建城到共和國末期，羅馬婦女生活也比較質樸和單純，她們比較遵從舊俗和這些美德規(guī)范。不過從公元前2世紀至2世紀，大概從第二次布匿戰(zhàn)爭開始至帝國初期，羅馬社會產生了激烈變革，處于一個轉型和變化的時期。羅馬婦女的生活也發(fā)生了重大變化。她們逐漸有了鮮明的自我意識，有了強烈的自我表現欲望和個性特征，注重追求自身的幸福，對于婦女美德有了自己的詮釋方式。她們不再只是聽話的小女人，而是在婚姻家庭生活中努力尋求與男子同等的地位，為自己謀取利益。她們積極參與社會活動，精明地為自己聚斂財富，有較強的政治意識，也有了為爭取自身權利而斗爭的精神，有些甚至敢于反抗男性的統(tǒng)治(包括采取一些極端的手段)，甚至還出現了一些婦女野心家。這是對父權制社會的一種挑戰(zhàn)。這些都說明古羅馬共和末期和帝國初期的婦女已經獲得了一些政治、經濟、社會權利，取得了較高的社會地位，這可以說是婦女解放的一個階段，是婦女運動史上的一個里程碑。本文共分為兩大部分。第一部分，即第一章，分別從制度體系和話語體系兩方面來分析男性意識形態(tài)對婦女美德的構建。第二部分包括第二章和第三章，主要是探討婦女是怎樣具體詮釋男性意識形態(tài)規(guī)范下的婦女美德要求。第二章主要是從婦女的婚姻家庭生活對這個問題進行討論，考察了作為女兒的婦女，作為妻子的婦女和作為主婦和母親的婦女。第三章則從六個環(huán)節(jié)來考察她們的公眾生活，包括社交生活、打扮裝飾、司法參與、經濟活動、政治生活和宗教祭祀。從她們對這些領域活動的積極參與，發(fā)現她們有了更大的活動空間，甚至可以說，除了當兵和執(zhí)政外，她們的身影幾乎遍布了所有男子能進入的領域，并發(fā)揮了重要的作用。當然，應該指出的是，婦女的地位盡管在羅馬共和國后期帝國初期有了很大的提高，，但我們不能夸大這種提高。首先，這種提高只是相對的，即相對于羅馬前期以及古代其它國家的婦女地位而言的；其次，本文所研究的婦女主要是處于整個婦女群體中的一部分，即社會中上層的婦女，而廣大的下層婦女由于材料限制，研究有限，事實上，下層婦女的地位在這段時間也并沒有多大的提高；最后，這種提高并不能改變男子居于統(tǒng)治中心的地位，婦女仍然屬于第二性，只是她們的處境有所改善而已。
[Abstract]:In patriarchal Roman society, men dominate the world and women are attached. Men construct a system of oppression against women, including norms of women's virtues, such as requiring women to be simple, industrious, chaste, loyal, cautious, loving, submissive, devout, and so on. From the founding of Rome to the end of the Republic, Roman women lived in simplicity and simplicity, following the old customs and these virtues. But from the second century BC to the second century BC, probably from the beginning of the second Punic War to the beginning of the Empire, Roman society had a radical change, in a period of transformation and change. The lives of Roman women have also undergone major changes. They gradually have distinct self-consciousness, strong self-expression desire and personality characteristics, pay attention to pursuing their own happiness, and have their own interpretation of women's virtue. They are no longer just obedient little women, but in marriage and family life to seek equal status with men, for their own interests. They actively participate in social activities, amass wealth for themselves shrewdly, have strong political consciousness, and have the spirit of fighting for their rights. Some even defied male domination (including extreme tactics, and even some women's ambitions). This is a challenge to a patriarchal society. All this shows that women in the late Roman Republic and in the early days of the Empire had acquired some political, economic and social rights and achieved a higher social status, which can be said to be a stage of women's liberation. It is a milestone in the history of women's movement. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part, the first chapter, analyzes the construction of male ideology to women's virtue from two aspects: institutional system and discourse system. The second part includes the second chapter and the third chapter, mainly discusses how the woman interprets the female virtue request under the masculine ideology norm. The second chapter mainly discusses this issue from the perspective of women's marriage and family life, and examines the women as daughters, wives and mothers. The third chapter examines their public life from six aspects, including social life, dress decoration, judicial participation, economic activities, political life and religious sacrifice. From their active participation in these fields, we can see that they have more space for activity, and they even play an important role in almost all the fields that men can enter, except as soldiers and in power. It should be noted, of course, that although the status of women improved significantly in the early days of the late Roman Empire, we cannot exaggerate this improvement. First, this improvement is relative, that is, relative to the status of women in early Rome and other ancient countries. Secondly, the women studied in this paper are mainly part of the whole group of women, that is, women in the upper and middle classes of society. And the vast majority of lower-class women have limited research due to material constraints. In fact, the status of lower-class women has not improved much during this period; finally, this improvement does not change the position of men at the centre of their rule. Women are still secondary, but their situation has improved.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K126

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 齊玉鳳;羅馬共和國末期婦女地位的提高及原因探析[D];陜西師范大學;2011年

本文編號：2002156