本文選題：波蘭 + 里根政府�。� 參考：《四川外國語大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：在東歐劇變中,波蘭是第一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)政治體制轉(zhuǎn)變的國家,在東歐造成了多米諾效應(yīng)。波蘭和平演變之后,華沙條約組織國家如民主德國、捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利、保加利亞等也隨之結(jié)束了共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),最后蘇聯(lián)解體,結(jié)束了接近半個(gè)世紀(jì)的美蘇冷戰(zhàn)。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,波蘭的和平演變完全是由美國的政策特別是里根政府的強(qiáng)硬政策引起的,甚至稱沒有里根政府的政策和行動就不會有波蘭的演變。另外有人則忽略里根政府政策的作用,認(rèn)為原因在于蘇聯(lián)自顧不暇,對波蘭放松了控制,戈?duì)柊蛦谭蜃鳛楦母锱?也給予了波蘭統(tǒng)一工人黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人很大的自主權(quán)。然而,經(jīng)過大量閱讀和分析之后,本文認(rèn)為這兩種觀點(diǎn)都是片面的,里根政府的政策實(shí)際上加速了波蘭的和平演變。在波蘭軍管之前,里根政府為保護(hù)波蘭已取得的民主成果并確保波蘭國內(nèi)的和平,一方面提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助以獎勵(lì)波蘭政府對自由化趨勢的允許,另一方面不斷警告蘇聯(lián)采取軍事干預(yù)措施會造成嚴(yán)重后果。波蘭軍管之后,里根政府采取了雙軌政策。通過經(jīng)濟(jì)手段為杠桿對波蘭政府施壓以換取政治妥協(xié),同時(shí)實(shí)施隱蔽行動戰(zhàn)略,為反對派團(tuán)結(jié)工會提供大量的資金和物資支持。
[Abstract]:Poland was the first country to change its political system during the upheaval in Eastern Europe, creating a domino effect. After the peaceful evolution of Poland, the Warsaw Treaty Organization countries such as the Democratic Republic of Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria also ended the leadership of the Communist Party. Finally, the Soviet Union disintegrated and ended the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union for nearly half a century. Some scholars believe that the evolution of peace in Poland is entirely caused by the policies of the United States, especially the tough policies of the Reagan administration, and even claims that there would be no evolution of Poland without the policies and actions of the Reagan administration. Others ignored the role of the Reagan administration, arguing that the Soviet Union had loosened its grip on Poland and that Gorbachev, as a reformist, had given the leader of the United Workers' Party of Poland a great deal of autonomy. However, after a lot of reading and analysis, this paper argues that both views are one-sided, and Reagan administration's policy actually accelerates the peaceful evolution of Poland. Prior to the Polish military administration, the Reagan administration, in an effort to protect Poland's democratic gains and ensure peace in Poland, provided economic assistance to reward the Polish government for allowing the liberalization trend. On the other hand, the Soviet Union repeatedly warned that military intervention would have serious consequences. After the Polish military administration, the Reagan administration adopted a two-track policy. Using economic leverage to pressure the Polish government in return for political compromises, and implementing a covert strategy of action, it has provided substantial financial and material support to the opposition Solidarity Union.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K153

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