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  本文選題：兵員動員 + 制度�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 羅馬是一個崇尚武力的民族,羅馬人生性勇猛,機智擅變,這方面它在世界上可謂是獨樹一幟之典范,在世界軍事史上占有重要的地位;但是羅馬亦是個崇尚農(nóng)耕的民族,其國民性格又以穩(wěn)健、紀律、服從為著,兩方面之結(jié)合于戰(zhàn)場,就產(chǎn)生了以步兵為主,騎兵為輔的羅馬軍團。到公元前二世紀,羅馬軍團這把利劍已橫掃亞、歐、非三大洲,地中海已成為古羅馬帝國的“內(nèi)�！�。 古羅馬也是一個法制化程度較高的貴族奴隸制民主國家,古羅馬的軍事制度經(jīng)歷了公民兵役制(義務(wù)兵役制)、志愿兵役制和雇傭兵役制。作為重要的軍事制度,從羅馬共和國時期開始,就不斷有適應(yīng)新的形勢需要的軍事法律出臺,調(diào)動和鼓舞羅馬公民參軍參戰(zhàn)的積極性和熱情。經(jīng)歷了塞維魯兵役法、馬略軍事改革等,到屋大維時期,一些軍事制度通過法規(guī)的形式被固定下來,如軍事婚姻制度、工資制度、退役金制度等,對羅馬帝國后來統(tǒng)治者所繼承沿用。 關(guān)于軍事制度的研究,國外尤以英美為突出,國內(nèi)的專門研究不多,主要有王建吉的《羅馬共和國軍事制度》、楊俊明和張齊政的《漢尼拔與布匿戰(zhàn)爭》、王乃新的《漢尼拔戰(zhàn)爭》等為數(shù)不多的著作。 本文時間斷限定在公元前一世紀到公元一世紀,因為這段時間古羅馬包括兵員動員制度在內(nèi)的各項軍事制度處于轉(zhuǎn)折期,到公元一世紀基本定型,這些制度為以后的統(tǒng)治者所沿用。本文圍繞羅馬軍隊的兵員動員進行論述,主要闡述了這一時間段的兵員來源、征集兵員的程序和政府為保障兵員和軍隊的戰(zhàn)斗力而采取的各項制度和措施。 羅馬的兵員動員工作對古羅馬產(chǎn)生直接和深遠的影響,如在公民兵役制度下,服役是公民的義務(wù)也是權(quán)利,后來在志愿兵役制下,這不再是一項權(quán)利,而是一些無產(chǎn)者為了生計而選擇的職業(yè),沉重的兵役負擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)移到窮人頭上,正如一句諺語說的那樣“富人的戰(zhàn)爭,窮人的戰(zhàn)斗”。兵役制對古羅馬政治也產(chǎn)生了重要影響,公民兵役制下,“兵無常將、將無常兵”。志愿兵役制產(chǎn)生后,將軍和士兵形成了主仆關(guān)系,士兵大多對將軍的命令“唯馬首是瞻”,因為此時的將軍已成為他們各項利益的代言人,在這種背景下,古羅馬加速了軍事集權(quán),最終,屋大維建立了羅馬帝國。
[Abstract]:Rome was a people who believed in force. Rome was brave and resourceful in life. In this respect, it was a unique model in the world and played an important role in the military history of the world. But Rome was also a nation that believed in farming. Its national character is steady, discipline, servitude, the combination of the two in the battlefield, the formation of infantry, supplemented by cavalry Roman legions. By the second century BC, the Roman Legion had swept over three continents, Asia, Europe and Africa, and the Mediterranean Sea had become the "inner sea" of the Roman Empire. The ancient Roman military system experienced civil military service (compulsory military service, voluntary military service and employing military service). As an important military system, since the period of the Roman Republic, there have been constantly issued military laws to meet the needs of the new situation, mobilizing and encouraging the enthusiasm and enthusiasm of Roman citizens to join the armed forces and join the war. After the Sevilo military service law, Marlowe military reform and so on, by the Octavian period, some military systems were fixed in the form of laws and regulations, such as the military marriage system, the wage system, the retirement pension system, and so on. The later rulers of the Roman Empire inherited and followed. The study of the military system, especially in Britain and the United States, was especially prominent in foreign countries, but there was not much specialized research in the country. Mainly include Wang Jianji's the military system of the Roman Republic, Yang Junming and Zhang Qizheng's Hannibal and Punic Wars, Wang Naixin's Hannibal War, etc. The time of this article is limited to the first century BC to the first century AD. During this period, Roman military systems, including the mobilization of soldiers, were at a turning point, and by the first century AD, these systems were adopted by later rulers. This paper focuses on the mobilization of troops in the Roman army, and mainly expounds the sources of the troops in this period. The procedures for recruiting troops and the systems and measures adopted by the Government to safeguard the combat effectiveness of soldiers and the army. The mobilization of soldiers in Rome had a direct and far-reaching impact on ancient Rome, as in the context of the civil service system, Service was a civic duty and a right, and later, under the voluntary military service, it was no longer a right, but a profession chosen by some proletarians to make a living, and the heavy burden of military service shifted to the poor. As the saying goes, "the war of the rich, the battle of the poor". Military service also had an important impact on ancient Roman politics. Under the civil service system, "soldiers will be impermanent, soldiers will be impermanent". Since the emergence of the voluntary military service system, the relationship between the general and the soldiers has formed between master and servant. Most of the soldiers "follow the lead" to the general's orders, because at this time the general has become the spokesman of their various interests, and in this context, Ancient Rome accelerated military centralization, and eventually Octavian established the Roman Empire.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K126

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本文編號：1986258