本文選題：工業(yè)革命 + 移民政策�。� 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 美國(guó)第一次工業(yè)革命開(kāi)始于18世紀(jì)末,當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)總?cè)丝趦H有393萬(wàn),但1790-1860年美國(guó)迎來(lái)了第一次移民潮,到美國(guó)的移民達(dá)500多萬(wàn)人。南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束以后,美國(guó)開(kāi)始了第二次工業(yè)革命并且迅猛發(fā)展,使得美國(guó)又出現(xiàn)大量勞動(dòng)力短缺。因而從1860年到1920年美國(guó)又迎來(lái)了移民的第二次高潮。這次移民潮波濤洶涌,影響持久深遠(yuǎn),期間,有3000多萬(wàn)移民來(lái)到美國(guó)。美國(guó)的這兩次移民潮是促成美國(guó)工業(yè)革命順利快速完成的主要?jiǎng)恿?而工業(yè)革命的發(fā)展進(jìn)程又在很大程度上影響了美國(guó)的移民政策的制定。 本文正文共分四個(gè)部分: 緒論,概括敘述選題的緣起及國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)研究動(dòng)態(tài)。 第一部分,簡(jiǎn)述美國(guó)兩次工業(yè)革命的概況,分析移民在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期大量涌入的原因,以及移民為美國(guó)的工業(yè)革命的完成做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。文章從主觀因素與客觀因素分析了促使外來(lái)移民在此期間大量涌入的原因及背景。美國(guó)這一時(shí)期的發(fā)展與輝煌成就,沒(méi)有移民流血流汗,是絕不可能獲得的。 第二部分,具體闡述美國(guó)移民政策在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期發(fā)生的轉(zhuǎn)變。首先客觀地分析了建國(guó)初期的移民政策與18世紀(jì)末19世紀(jì)初移民政策的異同。建國(guó)初期,由于種種原因,鼓勵(lì)外來(lái)移民的移民政策實(shí)際成效并不顯著。而在18世紀(jì)末19世紀(jì)初隨著工業(yè)革命的開(kāi)始,美國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力嚴(yán)重不足,大力鼓勵(lì)外來(lái)移民的政策被有效地執(zhí)行,僅1815—1860年進(jìn)入美國(guó)的移民就有500萬(wàn)。接著分析了美國(guó)19世紀(jì)中后期的移民政策。隨著內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束和南方重建展開(kāi),美國(guó)進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的重要?dú)v史階段,史稱“鍍金時(shí)代”。這一時(shí)期,由于美國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛,各工業(yè)部門(mén)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的需求則更迫切。因此,美國(guó)政府積極出臺(tái)了一系列吸引外來(lái)移民的法令,1866至1900年,共計(jì)有13,259,469人進(jìn)入美國(guó),這些外來(lái)移民為美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)做出了可歌可泣的貢獻(xiàn)。隨著美國(guó)工業(yè)革命的完成,經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,移民政策在19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初逐漸發(fā)生了變化,由自由移民政策發(fā)展為限制移民的政策。 第三部分,分析美國(guó)移民政策發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的原因。經(jīng)濟(jì)因素是促使美國(guó)移民政策演變的主要原因,其他因素則服從或迎合了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展要求。到20世紀(jì)初,美國(guó)已經(jīng)度過(guò)了勞動(dòng)力極端缺乏的時(shí)期,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨的主要任務(wù)是大力發(fā)展新型工業(yè),對(duì)傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)部門(mén)進(jìn)行改造,對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的素質(zhì)要求逐步提高,因此對(duì)移民的選擇越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格。當(dāng)然,政治因素和排外主義思潮對(duì)這一時(shí)期移民政策的轉(zhuǎn)變也有一定的影響。 第四部分,分析工業(yè)革命后美國(guó)移民的變化。在工業(yè)化剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候,無(wú)論是亞洲移民還是東南歐的移民都為美國(guó)所用,并做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。但到19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,美國(guó)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到“限制歐洲移民,排斥亞洲移民”的時(shí)期。這一時(shí)期對(duì)移民數(shù)量和質(zhì)量、來(lái)源地及種族等都有了新的變化。 結(jié)束語(yǔ)部分,概述移民為美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)做出的貢獻(xiàn)與美國(guó)當(dāng)今的移民政策。
[Abstract]:The first industrial revolution in the United States began in the late eighteenth Century, when the total population of the United States was only 3 million 930 thousand. But in 1790-1860 years, the first migration tide was ushered in the United States. The immigrants reached about 5000000 in the United States. After the civil war, the United States began the second industrial revolution and developed rapidly, causing a large number of labor shortages in the United States. From 1860 to 1920, the second climax of immigration was ushered in the United States. This immigrant tide was rough and lasting and lasting. During the period, about 30000000 immigrants came to the United States. The two emigration tides in the United States were the main driving force for the successful and rapid completion of the American Industrial Revolution, and the process of the industrial revolution was greatly influenced by the development of the industrial revolution. The emigration policy was made in the United States.
The text of this article is divided into four parts:
The introduction summarizes the origin of the topic and the academic research trends at home and abroad.
The first part describes the general situation of the two industrial revolution in the United States, analyzes the reasons for the influx of immigrants during the industrial revolution, and makes an indelible contribution to the completion of the industrial revolution in the United States. From the subjective and objective factors, the article analyses the causes and background of the influx of immigrants during this period. The development and brilliant achievements of a period, without emigration and sweat, are by no means possible.
The second part expounds the transformation of American immigration policy during the industrial revolution period. First, it analyzes objectively the similarities and differences between immigration policy in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the immigration policy in the late eighteenth Century and early nineteenth Century. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic, the actual effectiveness of the immigration policy encouraged by immigrants was not significant for a variety of reasons. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, the labor force in the United States was badly inadequate and the policy of encouraging immigrants was effectively implemented. The immigrants entered the United States from 1815 to 1860 only 5 million. Then the immigration policy of the middle and late nineteenth Century of the United States was analyzed. With the end of the civil war and the opening of the southern reconstruction, the United States entered the important history of the rapid economic development. At this stage, history called the "Gilded Age". This period, because of the rapid development of American industry, the demand for labor in the industrial sector was more urgent. Therefore, the United States government has actively introduced a series of laws to attract immigrants. From 1866 to 1900, a total of 13259469 people entered the United States, and these immigrants made the economic construction of the United States. With the completion of the American Industrial Revolution and the development of the economy, the immigration policy changed gradually in the late nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, and the policy of restricting immigration was developed from the free immigration policy.
The third part analyzes the reasons for the change in American immigration policy. Economic factors are the main reasons for the evolution of American immigration policy. Other factors obey or cater to the demand for economic development. By the beginning of twentieth Century, the United States had spent the period of extreme lack of labor, and the main task faced by the economic development was to develop new industries. To reform the traditional industrial sector and improve the quality of the labor force, the choice of immigration is becoming more and more strict. Of course, political and xenophobia trends also have a certain influence on the change of immigration policy in this period.
The fourth part analyses the change of American immigrants after the industrial revolution. At the beginning of industrialization, both Asian and Southeast European immigrants have made great contributions to the United States. But by the end of the nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, the United States had entered the period of "restricting European immigrants and excluding Asian immigrants". New changes have taken place in the number and quality of people, origin and ethnicity.
The concluding remarks include an overview of immigrants' contribution to the US economic development and the current immigration policy in the US.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K712.3

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