發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-03 10:57

  本文選題：美國(guó) + 公眾輿論��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中蘇結(jié)盟后,美國(guó)一直在伺機(jī)瓦解這兩個(gè)社會(huì)主義大國(guó)之間的關(guān)系,因此無(wú)論在制定對(duì)蘇政策還是對(duì)華政策時(shí)都必須考慮到另外一方的反應(yīng)。然而中蘇兩國(guó)兩黨之間在經(jīng)歷了一段"蜜月期"后矛盾開(kāi)始顯現(xiàn),從蘇共二十大中蘇矛盾開(kāi)始走向表面化到中蘇徹底決裂,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一觸即發(fā)。中蘇之間關(guān)系的變化使美國(guó)對(duì)華政策相應(yīng)地做出了一系列調(diào)整。在調(diào)整對(duì)華政策時(shí),美國(guó)政府不可避免地要引導(dǎo)和管控公眾輿論,以使其成為外交調(diào)整中的推力,而非阻力。以相關(guān)政府檔案和民意調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),本文綜合考察了美國(guó)民眾對(duì)華輿論以及政府的輿論管控。美國(guó)政府管控輿論的方式主要包括秘密行動(dòng)與公開(kāi)暗示相結(jié)合、在全國(guó)各地召開(kāi)政策吹風(fēng)會(huì)、統(tǒng)一政府官員對(duì)媒體的語(yǔ)氣、選擇性地向媒體"透露"消息和利用民眾心理,并且呈現(xiàn)出了以總統(tǒng)為核心、嚴(yán)密的新聞發(fā)布制度、政府和媒體巨頭密切合作的特點(diǎn)。在輿論管控的實(shí)際效果上,艾森豪威爾時(shí)期美國(guó)政府成功引導(dǎo)了美國(guó)民眾的反華情緒,進(jìn)而推動(dòng)了美國(guó)對(duì)華的強(qiáng)硬政策;肯尼迪時(shí)期美國(guó)政府的輿論管控具有兩面性,一方面繼續(xù)丑化中國(guó)形象,另一方面又加強(qiáng)對(duì)中國(guó)的大饑荒的報(bào)道,這使得《部分核禁試條約》等遏制政策和"微開(kāi)門(mén)"的緩和政策同時(shí)得到了民眾的支持;約翰遜政府前期美國(guó)為升級(jí)越戰(zhàn)造勢(shì),大肆宣傳中國(guó)在越南進(jìn)行"擴(kuò)張",使其越南政策成功地得到了民眾支持,后期美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)反戰(zhàn)情緒高漲,政府更多地受到了反戰(zhàn)輿論的影響;尼克松時(shí)期,美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于改善對(duì)華關(guān)系的呼聲越來(lái)越高,尼克松政府在乘著社會(huì)輿論的浪潮,同時(shí)不斷進(jìn)行引導(dǎo),最終成功完成了中美之間的"破冰之旅"。
[Abstract]:Since the Sino-Soviet alliance, the United States has been waiting to disrupt the relationship between the two socialist powers, so the reaction of the other side must be taken into account in formulating both policies towards the Soviet Union and China. However, after a period of honeymoon period, the contradiction between China and the Soviet Union began to appear, from the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the contradiction between China and the Soviet Union began to be superficial, and the Sino-Soviet conflict broke completely, and the war was imminent. The changes in Sino-Soviet relations have made a series of adjustments to US policy toward China. In adjusting its China policy, the US government will inevitably direct and control public opinion so that it becomes the thrust, not the resistance, in the diplomatic adjustment. Based on the relevant government records and public opinion survey data, this paper comprehensively examines the American public opinion on China and the government's public opinion control. The ways in which the US government controls public opinion mainly include combining secret actions with public hints, holding policy briefings throughout the country, unifying the tone of government officials towards the media, selectively "disclosing" news to the media, and using popular psychology. And presents the president as the core, the strict press release system, the government and the media giant close cooperation characteristic. In terms of the actual effect of public opinion control, the Eisenhower administration successfully guided the anti-China sentiment of the American people, thus promoting the tough policy of the United States towards China; the Kennedy administration's public opinion control had two sides. On the one hand, it continues to degrade the image of China, on the other hand, it strengthens the report of the famine in China, which makes the containment policies such as "partial Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty" and the "micro-door" policy of detente get people's support at the same time; In the early days of the Johnson administration, the United States promoted China's "expansion" in Vietnam in order to escalate the Vietnam War, so that its Vietnam policy was successfully supported by the public. In the latter stage, the anti-war sentiment in the United States was high. The administration was more influenced by anti-war public opinion. During Nixon's time, there were more and more calls for improving relations with China in the United States, and the Nixon administration was taking advantage of the tide of public opinion and constantly guiding it. In the end, the ice-breaking journey between China and the United States was successfully completed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K712.54

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本文編號(hào)：1972538