本文選題：大正政變 + 護(hù)憲運(yùn)動(dòng)��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1912年的東亞是動(dòng)蕩不安的一年。對(duì)中國(guó)是如此,對(duì)日本亦是如此。 在中國(guó),辛亥革命的洪流造就了中華民國(guó)的誕生;在日本,大正政變的沖擊結(jié)束了原本穩(wěn)定的桂園體制,開(kāi)啟了大正時(shí)代新的歷史時(shí)期。在激蕩的1912年誕生的中華民國(guó),極大地改變了中國(guó)的歷史進(jìn)程,結(jié)束了中國(guó)歷時(shí)兩個(gè)千年的封建時(shí)代。然而,辛亥革命卻導(dǎo)致中國(guó)的局勢(shì)更趨復(fù)雜化。鑒于中國(guó)形勢(shì)的變化,日本國(guó)內(nèi)的各種政治勢(shì)力再一次展開(kāi)了激烈的角逐。西園寺內(nèi)閣面對(duì)中國(guó)革命的迅猛發(fā)展所采取的觀望態(tài)度,激起了軍部的極大不滿。增師問(wèn)題的再次提出,拉開(kāi)了軍部企圖推翻內(nèi)閣政府的序幕。1912年12月5日,第二次西園寺內(nèi)閣——明治時(shí)代的最后一任內(nèi)閣——在軍部的壓力下,被迫辭職。21日,軍閥巨頭、宮內(nèi)大臣、陸軍大將桂太郎第三次登臺(tái)組閣。軍部的蠻橫以及對(duì)憲政的恣意破壞,激起了民眾的憤怒和不滿,從而爆發(fā)了“第一次護(hù)憲運(yùn)動(dòng)”�！按虻归y族、維護(hù)憲政”的蓬勃開(kāi)展終于迫使桂內(nèi)閣集體辭職,此即是大正政變。第一次護(hù)憲運(yùn)動(dòng)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了自1885年實(shí)行內(nèi)閣制度以來(lái)民眾倒閣的首次記錄,掀起了大正民主運(yùn)動(dòng)的初瀾。對(duì)日本而言,大正政變決不僅僅是一次政局變動(dòng),更為重要的是,它對(duì)日本的政治體制,尤其是對(duì)政黨政治產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。政黨在政治斗爭(zhēng)中終于擺脫了官民同調(diào)的歷史軌道,開(kāi)始在政治抗?fàn)幹袓渎额^角,并進(jìn)而執(zhí)掌了內(nèi)閣。 本文的第一部分論述日本國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)辛亥革命的態(tài)度,分別論述了日本政府和軍部對(duì)待辛亥革命的不同做法。第二部分則集中論述大正政變前后日本國(guó)內(nèi)重重矛盾,以及由此所導(dǎo)致的大正政變的結(jié)果。第三部分則概述了大正政變對(duì)日本國(guó)內(nèi)政治走勢(shì)所帶來(lái)的影響。
[Abstract]:East Asia in 1912 was a tumultuous year. This is true for China as well as for Japan. In China, the flood of the 1911 Revolution created the birth of the Republic of China; in Japan, the attack of the Taisho coup ended the original stable Gui Garden system and opened a new historical period of the Dazheng era. The Republic of China, which was born in 1912, greatly changed the course of China's history and ended the feudal period of two thousand years. However, the Revolution of 1911 has complicated the situation in China. In view of the changing situation in China, political forces in Japan have once again engaged in fierce competition. The Xiyuan Temple Cabinet's wait-and-see attitude in the face of the rapid development of the Chinese revolution has aroused great dissatisfaction from the military. The reintroduction of the issue of increasing the division opened the prelude of the military ministry's attempt to overthrow the cabinet government. On December 5, 1912, the second cabinet of Xiyuan Temple, the last cabinet of the Meiji era, was forced to resign under the pressure of the military headquarters. On the 21st, the warlord magnate was forced to resign. Miyagi Minister, the Army General Guitarang the third time on the stage to form a cabinet. The military's insolence and wanton destruction of constitutionalism aroused public anger and discontent, and the "first constitutional movement" broke out. The vigorous development of "Down with the feudal clan and safeguard the constitutionalism" finally forced the Guangxi cabinet to resign collectively, which was the Dazheng coup d'茅 tat. The first constitutional movement set off the first record of the overthrow of the cabinet system since the implementation of the cabinet system in 1885, and set off the initial wave of the Dazheng Democratic Movement. For Japan, Taisho coup is not only a political change, more importantly, it has a profound influence on Japanese political system, especially on party politics. In the political struggle, the political party finally got rid of the historical track of the government and the people, began to emerge in the political struggle, and then took over the cabinet. The first part of this paper discusses the attitude of the Japanese government to the 1911 Revolution, and discusses the different approaches of the Japanese government and the military department to the 1911 Revolution. The second part focuses on the contradictions before and after Taisho coup and the result of Taisho coup. The third part summarizes the influence of Taisho coup on Japan's domestic political trend.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K313

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 王健;試析大正政變的歷史地位[J];外國(guó)問(wèn)題研究;1994年04期

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本文編號(hào)：1971012