本文選題：參勤交代 + 大名　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 德川幕府時期,以“幕藩制”為統(tǒng)治體制,通過將軍對大名、大名對下屬家臣武士的層層分封確立集權(quán)和分權(quán)。在這種體制下,將軍與大名之間是“御恩”和“奉公”的主從契約關(guān)系,維護(hù)這一體制和這種主從契約關(guān)系最重要的就是加強(qiáng)對大名的統(tǒng)御力。在諸項強(qiáng)化措施中,最具實效的一項是“參勤交代制度”。 參勤交代制度自1615年在《武家諸法度》中初次出現(xiàn)之后,逐漸開始走向制度化。1635年,德川3代將軍時完成制度化。制度化之后的參勤交代,從參勤內(nèi)容、大名行列規(guī)模到交代時間、江戶人質(zhì)等各個方面都進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)規(guī)定,制度范圍也由最初的只限外樣大名擴(kuò)展到全國大名,作為幕府政治統(tǒng)制的根基性制度,代代相承,被奉之為“祖法”。參勤交代規(guī)定:大名攜帶與身分相應(yīng)的一定數(shù)量的家臣武士定期到江戶值勤,完成幕府派攤的各種任務(wù),并與其他大名交替在江戶居住,大名妻子和嫡長子作為人質(zhì)長期居住于江戶的大名藩邸中。 這些制度內(nèi)容,每一項都體現(xiàn)了幕府試圖加強(qiáng)對大名的統(tǒng)制的政治意向。大名的江戶駐留和人質(zhì)設(shè)置,使大名完全被置于幕府的監(jiān)督控制之下;頻繁往返于江戶和領(lǐng)國之間的交替參勤,迫使大名不得不疏于藩政;同時,兩地交替的雙重生活也使大名在經(jīng)濟(jì)上承受了巨大負(fù)擔(dān)。經(jīng)粗略統(tǒng)計,自參勤交代開始實行以來,平均各藩年財政收入的60%左右都耗費在了參勤交代上。因此,幕府的這一措施不僅限制了諸藩勢力的擴(kuò)張,強(qiáng)化了對大名的政治統(tǒng)制,更有效地控制了大名經(jīng)濟(jì),并且直接導(dǎo)致了各藩的財政困難,一定程度地阻斷了各藩對抗幕府的可能性。使得即使在幕府將軍極度的權(quán)力重壓之下,在參勤交代實行的二百多年間,德川幕府的統(tǒng)治依然安穩(wěn),雖有過浪人武士騷亂,但無一大名起來反抗。 本文以史實為依據(jù),通過對若干個案的研究,提取藩財政中參勤交代費用所占比例,就參勤交代對藩財政的影響進(jìn)行分析,得出結(jié)論:參勤交代削弱了大名經(jīng)濟(jì)實力,而大名經(jīng)濟(jì)實力的弱化促成了對大名的政治統(tǒng)制的強(qiáng)化。
[Abstract]:During the period of Tokugawa shogunate, the system of "curtain vassal system" was used to establish centralization and separation of powers. In this system, the relationship between the general and his name is the principal and subordinate contract. The most important thing to maintain this system is to strengthen the control over the name. Among these measures, one of the most effective is the system of attendance and accountability. Since the first appearance of the system in the "Wushu Dharma" in 1615, the system has gradually started to be institutionalized. In 1635, Tokugawa completed the institutionalization of three generations of generals. After institutionalization, all aspects such as the contents of attendance, the ranks and ranks of large names to the time of account, the Edo hostage and so on have been specified in detail, and the scope of the system has also been extended from the original name to the national name. As the basic system of the shogunate's political control, it was handed down from generation to generation. Shen Qin's instructions: Danames carry a certain number of courtiers corresponding to their status on duty in Edo regularly to complete various tasks of the shogunate, and live in Edo alternately with other names. The wife and eldest son lived as hostages in the Daming Mansion of Edo for a long time. Each of these systems reflects the shogunate's political intent to strengthen its control over the name. Daming's presence and hostage-setting completely placed him under the supervision and control of the shogunate; frequent alternate visits to and from Edo and neighbouring countries forced him to neglect the vassal government; at the same time, The alternate life between the two places also made Daming bear a huge economic burden. According to rough statistics, 60% of the average annual financial income of each vassal has been spent on the attendance account since the introduction of the Shunqin account. Therefore, this measure of the shogunate not only restricted the expansion of the forces of Zhufan, strengthened the political control over Daming, more effectively controlled the economy of Daming, but also directly led to the financial difficulties of various vassals. To some extent, the possibility of opposing the shogunate was blocked. Even under the extreme weight of power of the shogunate, the Tokugawa shogunate's rule remained stable for more than two hundred years under the shogun's account, although there had been rogue samurai riots, none of them rose up against it. On the basis of historical facts, through the study of several cases, this paper extracts the proportion of the cost of participation and attendance account in the financial system, and analyzes the influence of this account on the financial system. The conclusion is that this account weakens the economic strength of Daming name. The weakening of the economic power of Daming has contributed to the strengthening of the political control of Daming.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K313.36

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 秦貝貝;日本江戶時代的大名留守居制與參勤交代制度[D];華東政法大學(xué);2011年

2 劉嫻;德川幕藩制度研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2011年

3 燕青;淺探浮世繪中的町人主情主義倫理[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1943057