發(fā)布時間：2018-05-27 00:23

  本文選題：美國 + 肯尼迪　； 參考：《東北師范大學》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后的科技革命浪潮中,生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的變革引起美國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)型,使美國向后工業(yè)社會轉(zhuǎn)變。在這個轉(zhuǎn)變中,美國各界能夠正視生產(chǎn)技術(shù)變革對勞動力市場的消極影響和富裕中的貧困問題,并展開了激烈的討論。肯尼迪-約翰遜政府時期,國會和聯(lián)邦政府制定并調(diào)整了就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)政策,使其實現(xiàn)了從60年代初解決結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)、提高勞動力就業(yè)能力的微觀經(jīng)濟政策向1964年后以就業(yè)和培訓(xùn)為手段、以消除社會貧困為終極目標的福利性社會政策的轉(zhuǎn)變。本文利用美國大量政府文獻和研究機構(gòu)、學者的研究資料,全面回顧和考察了肯尼迪-約翰遜政府就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)政策產(chǎn)生的時代背景、政策起源、法案制定和調(diào)整、計劃實施和成效�？v觀肯尼迪-約翰遜政府的政策,不管其宗旨、性質(zhì)如何變化,在政策實施中,體現(xiàn)了滿足特定行業(yè)勞動力短缺的需要、盡可能多地為失業(yè)者提供就業(yè)機會、提供擺脫貧困的途徑和提升勞動力素質(zhì)的目標。 全文由前言、正文、結(jié)論和參考文獻四部分組成。前言部分主要介紹了中美學術(shù)界對聯(lián)邦就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)政策的研究概況,簡要介紹了筆者所采用的研究方法、理論依據(jù)及借鑒意義。正文共五章。第一章追溯了二戰(zhàn)后美國社會轉(zhuǎn)型與失業(yè)、貧困問題的突顯,揭示了社會福利制度的不足之處。第二章考察了聯(lián)邦就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)政策的起源和二戰(zhàn)后社會各界圍繞政府政策進行的探討、政府決策圈的辯論,包括圍繞《1946年就業(yè)法》、減稅和失業(yè)問題的政策辯論和社會各界對人力資源的利用與開發(fā)、自動化等問題的探討。第三章探討了針對結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)的就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)政策制定的過程、實施和局部調(diào)整,包括《1961年地區(qū)再開發(fā)法》和《1962年人力開發(fā)與培訓(xùn)法》的制定、實施及對政策的局部調(diào)整。第四章剖析“向貧困開戰(zhàn)”時期就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)政策由微觀經(jīng)濟政策向福利性社會政策的轉(zhuǎn)變,包括政策轉(zhuǎn)變的原因、《1964年經(jīng)濟機會法》的制定、對1962年人力開發(fā)與培訓(xùn)法的修正和影響政策轉(zhuǎn)變的機構(gòu)性因素。第五章考察了肯尼迪-約翰遜政府就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)計劃的實施與成效,涉及聯(lián)邦一級的管理、地方實施項目的方式和具體計劃和實現(xiàn)政策目標的程度等方面。結(jié)論部分概括了論文的主要論點,總結(jié)了肯尼迪-約翰遜政府就業(yè)與培訓(xùn)政策的性質(zhì)、政策目標和政策制定、實施和調(diào)整中體現(xiàn)出來的特點及影響性因素。
[Abstract]:In the wave of science and technology revolution after the second World War, the change of production technology caused the transformation of the industrial structure and economic structure of the United States, and made the United States change to the post-industrial society. In this transition, the United States has been able to face up to the negative impact of technological change on the labour market and poverty among the rich, and has had a heated discussion. During the Kennedy-Johnson administration, Congress and the federal government developed and adjusted employment and training policies to address structural unemployment since the early 1960s. The microeconomic policy of improving the employability of the labor force is transformed into the welfare social policy after 1964, in which employment and training are the means and the ultimate goal is to eliminate social poverty. This paper makes use of a large number of government documents, research institutions and scholars to review and investigate the background of the employment and training policy of the Kennedy Johnson administration, the origin of the policy, the enactment and adjustment of the bill. Plan implementation and effectiveness. Throughout the Kennedy-Johnson administration, regardless of its purpose and nature, the policy was implemented to meet the need to meet the labor shortage in specific industries and to provide as many job opportunities as possible for the unemployed. To provide a way out of poverty and improve the quality of the workforce. The full text consists of four parts: preface, text, conclusion and reference. The preface mainly introduces the general situation of the research on the federal employment and training policy in the academic circles of China and the United States, and briefly introduces the research methods, theoretical basis and reference significance adopted by the author. The text consists of five chapters. The first chapter traces the social transformation, unemployment and poverty in the United States after World War II, revealing the inadequacies of the social welfare system. The second chapter examines the origin of the federal employment and training policy, the discussion of government policy in various sectors of society after the second World War, and the debate in the decision-making circle of the government. Including the employment law 1946, tax reduction and unemployment policy debate, and the use and development of human resources, automation and other issues from all walks of life. The third chapter discusses the process, implementation and local adjustment of employment and training policies for structural unemployment, including the formulation, implementation and partial adjustment of the Regional redevelopment Act 1961 and the Manpower Development and training Act 1962. The fourth chapter analyzes the transformation of employment and training policy from microeconomic policy to welfare social policy, including the reasons for the policy change, and the formulation of the Economic opportunity Act 1964. The amendments to the Human Development and training Act of 1962 and the institutional factors affecting policy changes. The fifth chapter examines the implementation and effectiveness of the JFK-Johnson Administration's Employment and training Program, which involves the management at the federal level, the ways and means of implementing local projects and the degree to which the policy objectives are achieved. The conclusion summarizes the main points of the thesis, and summarizes the characteristics and influencing factors of the employment and training policy of Kennedy Johnson administration, the policy objectives and policy formulation, the implementation and adjustment.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K712.54

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 丁建生;;校企合作,構(gòu)建實訓(xùn)平臺,解決就業(yè)和用人難的雙重矛盾[J];四川工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學院學報;2011年02期

2 孫婷;;論美國“撫養(yǎng)未成年子女家庭援助計劃”[J];樂山師范學院學報;2011年08期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前2條

1 呂洪艷;美國女性單親家庭福利史研究（1935-1996）[D];東北師范大學;2011年

2 楊超;美國“肯定性行動”中黑人就業(yè)政策研究（1965-2000）[D];東北師范大學;2011年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前4條

1 關(guān)思琴;富蘭克林，羅斯福就業(yè)權(quán)利思想研究[D];東北師范大學;2011年

2 楊帆;1965年美國《中小學教育法》的制定與實施[D];東北師范大學;2010年

3 杜曉娜;美國《1946年就業(yè)法》探究[D];東北師范大學;2010年

4 彭會鑫;20世紀60年代美國職業(yè)團計劃的產(chǎn)生與實施[D];東北師范大學;2012年

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本文編號：1939596