本文選題：美國 + 中美洲�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：中美洲是指墨西哥以南、哥倫比亞以北的美洲大陸中部地區(qū)。東臨加勒比海,西瀕太平洋。巴拿馬運(yùn)河和尼加拉瓜運(yùn)河是中美洲地區(qū)的兩條重要交通要道,它們可以溝通大西洋和太平洋,因此具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。15世紀(jì)中美洲淪為西班牙的殖民地。17世紀(jì)中葉英國殖民者在布盧菲爾茲建立保護(hù)領(lǐng)地。1823年中美洲獲得獨(dú)立。由于中美洲具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位,19世紀(jì)中葉英、美兩國對(duì)中美洲地峽的開鑿權(quán)展開了激烈的爭奪。1850年美英簽訂《克萊頓—布爾沃條約》,規(guī)定兩國共同享有中美洲運(yùn)河的開鑿權(quán),并共同負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)未來開鑿的運(yùn)河保持中立化。條約表明美國的勢(shì)力提升到乃至英國不可小覷的地位。 20世紀(jì)初,進(jìn)入帝國主義階段的美國在西奧多·羅斯�？偨y(tǒng)對(duì)外擴(kuò)張的“大棒政策”下,中美洲地峽是美國攫取海外利益的重要通道。因此美國謀求獲取獨(dú)自開鑿中美洲運(yùn)河通道的權(quán)利。美西戰(zhàn)爭中美國的勝利和日后美國軍事力量的發(fā)展,迫使英國對(duì)于中美洲地峽開鑿權(quán)向美國讓步。1901年11月18日,美英簽訂了《�！嬋ヌ貤l約》,英國同意美國自由建造、控制和防守?cái)M建中的地峽運(yùn)河。同時(shí)廢除《克萊頓—布爾沃條約》。由于中美洲國家尼加拉瓜領(lǐng)土連接大西洋與太平洋,境內(nèi)有尼加拉瓜湖和圣胡安河,修筑一條貫通兩洋的運(yùn)河較為便利,成為美國建造交通要道的選擇地。 1909年尼加拉瓜國內(nèi)政局動(dòng)亂。美國通過軍事干涉和經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的手段拉近了與尼加拉瓜的關(guān)系,1911年美尼簽訂了《道森協(xié)定》,尼加拉瓜從美國獲得150萬美元的“經(jīng)濟(jì)援助”,尼加拉瓜把關(guān)稅的控制權(quán)交給了美國。1912年,尼加拉瓜再次發(fā)動(dòng)了反對(duì)政府的起義。美國派遣軍艦和軍隊(duì)殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓了起義。1914年8月美國和尼加拉瓜簽訂了《布萊恩—查莫羅條約》,美國從此獲得了在尼加拉瓜獨(dú)立建造運(yùn)河的永久權(quán)利。 本文堅(jiān)持歷史唯物主義和辯證唯物主義,運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)和國際政治學(xué)綜合研究的方法,運(yùn)用國家利益、地緣政治等國際政治理論,以美國政府解密的外交文件為依據(jù),研究19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初美國在中美洲的戰(zhàn)略利益選擇,以及美尼簽署《布萊恩—查莫羅條約》的過程,揭示美國的中美洲政策的實(shí)質(zhì)及其特點(diǎn),試圖為全面了解美國的拉丁美洲政策提供學(xué)術(shù)的參考及歷史根據(jù)。 本文共分三部分: 第一部分:論述西奧多·羅斯福時(shí)期的南下戰(zhàn)略與美英對(duì)中美洲運(yùn)河的爭奪。包括美國在中美洲的利益與美英《克萊頓—布爾沃條約》;美英逐鹿中美洲與《�！嬋Ｌ貤l約》的簽訂。 第二部分:詳細(xì)闡述《布萊恩—查莫羅條約》簽訂的背景及主要內(nèi)容。包括美國對(duì)修建尼加拉瓜運(yùn)河的考量;美國對(duì)尼加拉瓜革命的政策;《布萊恩—查莫羅條約》的簽訂過程及主要內(nèi)容。 第三部分:評(píng)析《布萊恩—查莫羅條約》。包括美國基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了中美洲政策的目標(biāo);尼加拉瓜淪為美國的保護(hù)國;鞏固了美國在中美洲的地位。
[Abstract]:Central America refers to the south of Mexico and the central region of the American continent north of Columbia. It is the Caribbean Sea on the East, West on the Pacific Ocean. The the Panama Canal and Nicaragua canals are two important transportation routes in Central America. They can communicate with the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the Central America has an important strategic position in the middle America of.15 century. In the middle of the.17 century, the British colonists in the middle of the.17 century established a protected territory in Central America and gained independence in the middle America. Since Central America has an important strategic position, in the middle America, Britain and Britain in nineteenth Century, the United States and the United States launched a fierce battle for the Clayton Bulwer treaty between the United States and Britain for the opening of the isthmus of Central America and the Clayton Bulwer treaty, which stipulates the two countries. Together with the power of the Central American canal, and jointly responsible for the neutralization of the future canals, the treaty shows that the forces of the United States have risen to the top of the UK.
In the early twentieth Century, under the "great stick policy" of President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign expansion, the American Isthmus of Central America was an important channel for the United States to seize the interests of overseas. Therefore, the United States sought to gain the right to open the channel of the Central American canal alone. The United States and Britain signed the Treaty of "sea - pangthate" in November 18th.1901 years of.1901. Britain agreed that the United States was free to build, control and defend the canals of the isthmus. Meanwhile, the Clayton Bulwer treaty was abolished. Because of the connection between the Atlantic and Taiping in the Nicaragua territory of the states of China and the United States In the ocean, there are Nicaragua lake and San Juan River. It is more convenient to build a canal that runs through the two oceans, and becomes the choice for the us to build traffic arteries.
In 1909, the domestic political situation in Nicaragua was in turmoil. The United States drew close ties with Nicaragua through military interference and economic aid. In 1911, the United States signed the Dawson agreement, Nicaragua received $1 million 500 thousand from the United States for "economic assistance". Nicaragua handed over the control of tariffs to the United States for.1912, and Nicaragua launched again. The United States sent warships and troops cruelly to suppress the uprising in the August.1914, the United States and Nicaragua signed the Blaine - Charles treaty, and the United States gained the permanent right to build an independent canal in Nicaragua.
This article adheres to historical materialism and dialectical materialism, using the comprehensive study of history and international politics, using international political theories, such as national interests, geopolitics and other international political theories, on the basis of the diplomatic documents decrypted by the United States government, to study the strategic interests of the United States in Central America in the late nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, and to sign "Brune". The process of Don Chamorro treaty reveals the essence and characteristics of America's Central American policy, and tries to provide academic reference and historical basis for a comprehensive understanding of American Latin American policy.
This article is divided into three parts:
The first part is to discuss the southern strategy of the Theodore I period and the contention between the United States and Britain on the Central American canal, including the interests of the United States in Central America and the United States and Britain "the Treaty of Clayton Bulwer"; the signing of the United States and Britain in Central America and the Treaty of the sea to the Ford.
The second part: a detailed description of the background and main contents of the Blaine - Charles treaty, including the consideration of the construction of the Nicaragua canal by the United States; the policy of the United States to the Nicaragua revolution; the signing process and main content of the Blaine - the Treaty of Charles.
The third part: comment on the Blaine - Charles treaty >. The United States has basically achieved the goal of the Central American policy; Nicaragua is the protector of the United States; it has consolidated the status of the United States in Central America.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K712.5

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