發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-22 08:20

  本文選題：蘇臺(tái)德德意志人 + 納粹德國(guó)　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：蘇臺(tái)德問(wèn)題在20世紀(jì)30年代曾經(jīng)成為歐洲外交舞臺(tái)上一個(gè)熱門的話題,在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束前后也曾經(jīng)舊話重提,它不僅關(guān)乎蘇臺(tái)德德意志人的命運(yùn),也曾成為影響西歐和平的重要因素。然而此問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)未受到國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界應(yīng)有的重視。本文試圖以蘇臺(tái)德問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生,發(fā)展及其影響為脈絡(luò),探討納粹德國(guó)對(duì)蘇臺(tái)德德意志人的政策,以及在此過(guò)程中各大國(guó)對(duì)此問(wèn)題的態(tài)度。 除緒論與結(jié)語(yǔ)外,本文共分四章。第一章主要論述蘇臺(tái)德問(wèn)題的起源,以及納粹上臺(tái)前,蘇臺(tái)德德意志人與捷克人之間的關(guān)系。1918年后,蘇臺(tái)德區(qū)正式并入捷克斯洛伐克,成為其境內(nèi)最大的少數(shù)民族,不甘屈辱的德意志人從心理上無(wú)法接受這個(gè)事實(shí),兩民族間的矛盾就此產(chǎn)生。本文從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化三個(gè)方面探討了捷克斯洛伐克對(duì)蘇臺(tái)德德意志人的民族政策,從而為經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)期間,兩民族間不可調(diào)和的矛盾埋下了伏筆。 第二章主要關(guān)注蘇臺(tái)德德意志人黨的產(chǎn)生及其與德國(guó)納粹黨的關(guān)系問(wèn)題。經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)爆發(fā)后,經(jīng)濟(jì)上嚴(yán)重依賴國(guó)外市場(chǎng)的蘇臺(tái)德區(qū)日益陷入困境,捷克斯洛伐克在就業(yè)問(wèn)題上帶有民族保護(hù)色彩的做法,使兩民族間的矛盾一發(fā)不可收拾。此時(shí),蘇臺(tái)德德意志人黨應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,成為蘇臺(tái)德德意志人謀求獨(dú)立的代表與支柱。關(guān)于此黨的性質(zhì)問(wèn)題,史學(xué)界長(zhǎng)期存在分歧。本文從相關(guān)史料入手,通過(guò)對(duì)蘇臺(tái)德德意志人黨產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展的研究,論證其在1937年前的獨(dú)立性,通過(guò)追蹤其黨內(nèi)長(zhǎng)期存在的斗爭(zhēng),分析其最終失敗的原因。 第三章主要論述《卡爾斯巴德綱領(lǐng)》的出臺(tái)與納粹全面吞并蘇臺(tái)德地區(qū)。蘇臺(tái)德德意志人黨的投誠(chéng)為納粹侵捷提供了有利的工具。在希特勒的指示下,漢萊因以《卡爾斯巴德綱領(lǐng)》為基礎(chǔ),不斷向捷克斯洛伐克政府提出使其無(wú)法滿足的要求,利用英法等國(guó)“不要戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)要和平”的心態(tài),向捷克斯洛伐克施壓。最終在英法的縱容下,希特勒全面吞并了蘇臺(tái)德地區(qū)。 第四章主要論述二戰(zhàn)后蘇臺(tái)德德意志人被迫遷徙的血淚史。納粹戰(zhàn)敗后,重組的捷克政府出于對(duì)安全因素的考慮,決定對(duì)其境內(nèi)的德意志人進(jìn)行驅(qū)逐。此政策經(jīng)四大國(guó)協(xié)商,于1945年波斯坦公告后正式實(shí)施。出于對(duì)納粹暴行及其德意志化政策的憤恨,驅(qū)逐過(guò)程中,捷克人虐待甚至屠殺德意志人的事件時(shí)有發(fā)生,為此蘇臺(tái)德德意志人流離失所,付出了慘重的代價(jià)。 文章最后,對(duì)蘇臺(tái)德德意志人為何會(huì)有如此遭遇作了簡(jiǎn)要論述,并以此為縮影,闡述了二戰(zhàn)時(shí)期納粹德國(guó)對(duì)整個(gè)境外德意志人政策的實(shí)質(zhì)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)由蘇臺(tái)德問(wèn)題所引發(fā)的關(guān)于民族關(guān)系的思考和啟示做了簡(jiǎn)要分析。
[Abstract]:The Sudeten issue became a hot topic in the European diplomatic arena in the 1930s, and it was raised again before and after the end of the second World War. It was not only about the fate of the Germans in Sudeten. It has also become an important factor affecting peace in Western Europe. However, this problem has not been paid much attention by domestic academic circles for a long time. Based on the emergence, development and influence of the Sudeten problem, this paper attempts to discuss the policy of Nazi Germany towards the Sudeten Germans and the attitudes of the great powers in the process. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly deals with the origin of the Sudeten problem and the relations between the Germans and the Czechs before the Nazis came to power. After 1918, Sudeten district was formally incorporated into Czechoslovakia and became the largest minority in its territory. The contradiction between the two peoples arose from the fact that the unwilling Germans could not accept the fact psychologically. This paper probes into Czechoslovakia's national policy towards the German Sudeten from three aspects of politics, economy and culture, thus laying the groundwork for the irreconcilable contradiction between the two nations during the economic crisis. The second chapter focuses on the formation of the Sudeten German Party and its relationship with the German Nazi Party. After the economic crisis broke out, the Sudeten district, whose economy is heavily dependent on foreign markets, is increasingly in trouble. Czechoslovakia's national protection on employment issues makes the conflict between the two peoples unmanageable. At this time, Sudeten German Party emerged as the representative and pillar of Sudeten Germans seeking independence. On the nature of the party, the historical circles have long been divided. This article starts with the relevant historical data, through the research on the generation and development of the Sudeten German Party, demonstrates its independence before 1937, and analyzes the causes of its final failure by tracing the long-existing struggle within his party. The third chapter mainly discusses the introduction of Carlsbad Program and the Nazi annexation of Sudeten region. The defection of the Sudeten German Party provided a useful tool for the Nazi invasion of Czech Republic. On the basis of the Karlsbad Programme, Hallay, at Hitler's direction, constantly made demands to the Czechoslovak Government that they could not meet, and took advantage of the mentality of Britain, France, and other countries "not to war and want peace". Put pressure on Czechoslovakia. Finally, at the connivance of Britain and France, Hitler completely annexed the Sudeten region. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the blood and tears history of the German people forced to migrate after World War II. After the Nazi defeat, the reconstituted Czech government decided to expel the Germans from its territory for security reasons. The policy was negotiated by the four powers and formally implemented after the 1945 Proclamation of Potstein. As a result of the indignation of Nazi violence and its policy of Deutsche, the Czechs mistreated and even slaughtered the Germans from time to time, for which the Sudeten Germans were displaced and paid a heavy price. At the end of the article, the author makes a brief exposition on why the German people in Sudeten suffered so, and takes it as a microcosm to expound the essence of the policy of Nazi Germany towards the whole foreign Germans during World War II. On the basis of this, the author makes a brief analysis of the reflection and inspiration of the ethnic relations caused by the Sudeten problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K516.44

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