本文選題：羅馬 + 共和國�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 受其他民族影響及意大利得天獨(dú)厚的氣候和地理優(yōu)勢,羅馬人自古即奉行重農(nóng)思想,這種思想不僅培養(yǎng)其勤勉、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、愛國的性格,而且也激勵(lì)羅馬人為發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)而覬覦更多土地的好戰(zhàn)精神。這些不僅為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)提供了有利條件,亦使得羅馬人打破原有的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式,形成具有羅馬特色的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)形式。 國外學(xué)者關(guān)于羅馬共和國時(shí)期的農(nóng)業(yè)研究成果頗豐。就筆者所見,以專題性討論居多,如奴隸勞動(dòng)力、谷物供應(yīng)等,或多見諸通史中;國內(nèi)研究多側(cè)重共和國后期大地產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。筆者在翻譯加圖《農(nóng)業(yè)志》、參考其他古典著作及近現(xiàn)代研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,探討整個(gè)共和國時(shí)期農(nóng)業(yè)各方面的發(fā)展變化。但尚須指出的是,鑒于可資利用的材料所限,本文有待進(jìn)一步完善。 本文共分六章,基本框架大致如次: 第一章農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展條件:本章重在分析自然地理對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的影響,指出羅馬所擁有的地中海氣候及地形復(fù)雜、土壤肥沃等自然條件,有利于各種農(nóng)作物的生長和分布;同時(shí)受伊達(dá)拉里亞人的影響以及傳統(tǒng)上羅馬人重農(nóng)輕商的農(nóng)業(yè)思想束縛,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)不可避免地受到人們的重視。共和國時(shí)期羅馬開始不斷對(duì)外擴(kuò)張,不僅土地面積有所增加,同時(shí)在勞動(dòng)力和資本方面亦不斷增長,這為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展提供有利的外部條件。 第二章農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力狀況:勞動(dòng)力在社會(huì)發(fā)展中有著重要地位,居生產(chǎn)力諸要素之首,因此本章從小農(nóng)、奴隸及其余農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移情況來分析共和國時(shí)期農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,及其對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)所產(chǎn)生的推動(dòng)作用。 第三章羅馬土地的分配與開發(fā):土地是人類賴以生存的物質(zhì)保證,開發(fā)利用土地資源可促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展,亦是衡量農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展程度之一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因此,土地問題在歷史研究中受到較多關(guān)注。本章在探討分配戰(zhàn)爭中所獲的大量公有土地的同時(shí),主要關(guān)注于大地產(chǎn)的開發(fā)和利用。 第四章傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展:谷物是羅馬的傳統(tǒng)作物,通常包括大麥和小麥。本章主要以第二次布匿戰(zhàn)爭為界,論述戰(zhàn)爭前谷物的發(fā)展情況,以及戰(zhàn)爭后大地產(chǎn)興起、谷物種植的下降及行省谷物的進(jìn)口情況。 第五章農(nóng)業(yè)中特色經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展:大地產(chǎn)是羅馬在對(duì)外戰(zhàn)爭后獲得大量土地、勞動(dòng)力、資本等情況下發(fā)展起來的一種特色農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),包括混合農(nóng)場和牧場兩種形式,主要以獲利為目的,以奴隸為主要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力,這種農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式的發(fā)展體現(xiàn)了羅馬農(nóng)業(yè)中商業(yè)意識(shí)的興起。 第六章與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的改革措施:早在王政時(shí)期,羅馬社會(huì)已開始視土地多寡而征兵,這使得戰(zhàn)爭、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展與小農(nóng)間的聯(lián)系日趨緊密。隨著社會(huì)不斷發(fā)展,羅馬小農(nóng)數(shù)量略有減少,故一些改革者不斷提出與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的改革措施,直接或間接地改善兵源問題。另外,一些政客亦打著土地改革的幌子進(jìn)行著各方面的爭斗。本章主要專門分析與羅馬農(nóng)業(yè)和土地發(fā)展相關(guān)的政策和措施,及其與政治、軍事等各方面的聯(lián)系。 研究表明,羅馬共和國時(shí)期農(nóng)業(yè)得以發(fā)展除自身?xiàng)l件外,外部因素起到重要作用。戰(zhàn)爭所帶來的奴隸、土地和資本為農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了有利條件,同時(shí)外來先進(jìn)技術(shù)和行省谷物進(jìn)口等亦使得土地開發(fā)從傳統(tǒng)小農(nóng)谷物種植發(fā)展為獲利的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物種植,這是農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重大改變。通過梳理、分析這一時(shí)期農(nóng)業(yè)各方面發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)并非單純的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,而是與政治、外交及軍事等方面有著密不可分的關(guān)系。此外,農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展使得羅馬人的重農(nóng)輕商思想發(fā)生了改變,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的商業(yè)意識(shí)逐漸興起,但因共和國末期至帝國時(shí)期生產(chǎn)方式的改變與隸農(nóng)的盛行,未能有進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Due to the influence of other ethnic groups and the climatic and geographical advantages of Italy , the Romans followed the thought of heavy agriculture , which not only fostered their diligent , strong and patriotic character , but also inspired the Romans to develop agricultural production and covet more land . These not only provided favorable conditions for the agricultural production , but also the Romans to break the original economic model and form the form of agricultural production with Roman characteristics .





This paper discusses the development of agricultural production in the whole republic during the period of the whole republic . However , the author points out that the paper needs to be further improved in view of the materials which can be used .





This article is divided into six chapters , the basic framework is roughly as follows :





In chapter 1 , agricultural development condition : this chapter analyzes the influence of natural geography on agricultural production , points out the natural conditions such as Mediterranean climate and terrain complexity , soil fertility and so on , which is beneficial to the growth and distribution of various crops .





Chapter II Agricultural Labor Situation : The labor force plays an important role in social development and occupies the first place of productive forces , so this chapter analyzes the development of agricultural labor force in the Republic from the transfer of small farmers , slaves and the rest of the agricultural labour force , and the pushing effect on agricultural production .





Chapter 3 : The distribution and development of Roman land : the land is the material guarantee for the survival of mankind , the exploitation and utilization of land resources can promote the sustainable development of agriculture , and it is also a criterion to measure the degree of agricultural development . Therefore , the land problem has been paid more attention in the history research . In this chapter , the author mainly focuses on the development and utilization of large real estate .





Chapter Four : The development of traditional agriculture : grain is a traditional crop of Rome , usually including barley and wheat . This chapter mainly deals with the development of grain before war , as well as the rise of big real estate after the war , the decline of grain planting and the import of grain in the province after the war .





The fifth chapter is the development of characteristic economy in agriculture : the large real estate is a special agricultural economy developed by Rome after the war of foreign countries , including mixed farm and pasture , mainly taking profit as the main labor force , and the development of agricultural production pattern reflects the rise of commercial consciousness in Roman agriculture .





Chapter 6 : The reform measures related to agriculture : early in the reign of Wang Zheng , the Roman society has begun to recruit troops according to the number of land , which makes the connection between the war , the agricultural development and the small peasant closer . With the development of the society , the number of farmers in Rome has decreased slightly , so some reformers have put forward reform measures related to agriculture to directly or indirectly improve the military sources . In addition , some politicians have been fighting for various aspects under the guise of land reform . This chapter mainly analyzes the policies and measures related to Roman agriculture and land development , and their links with political , military and other aspects .





The research shows that the development of agriculture in the Roman Republic plays an important role in the development of agriculture . The slave , land and capital brought by the war have created favorable conditions for the further development of agriculture .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：K126

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 楊共樂;論公元前一世紀(jì)羅馬農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的變革[J];北京社會(huì)科學(xué);2001年02期

2 隋竹麗;公元前二世紀(jì)羅馬農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的遽變[J];佳木斯師專學(xué)報(bào);1995年03期

3 樊兆鳴;馬克斯·韋伯與古代史研究[J];史學(xué)理論研究;2001年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：1911418