本文選題：敘利亞 + 政治發(fā)展��； 參考：《西北大學》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：現代敘利亞是在經歷了復雜的歷史變遷之后形成的現代民族國家。敘利亞的現代政治發(fā)展進程肇始于第一次世界大戰(zhàn)末期奧斯曼帝國解體。擺脫奧斯曼帝國的統(tǒng)治之后,敘利亞民族主義者開始尋求建立獨立的民族國家。但在殖民主義者的強權政治下,法國最終獲得了敘利亞的委任統(tǒng)治權。在經歷了長達26年的殖民統(tǒng)治后,1946年敘利亞獲得完全獨立。獨立國家的建立,翻開了敘利亞政治發(fā)展的新篇章。然而獨立之初,政治上尚不成熟的民族政府無力應對國內外問題,致使軍人多次走上政治前臺。1963年復興黨通過軍事政變登上政治舞臺,建立了一黨執(zhí)政、黨政合一的政治體制,但其內部由于權力之爭和政見分歧發(fā)生了兩次分裂,在新老兩代復興黨人的斗爭中,新生代占據上風并掌握了政權。不久其內部務實派和激進派的分歧導致了又一次分裂,務實派代表阿薩德脫穎而出。此后,敘利亞政治生活逐步進入到一個穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展時期。 阿薩德時代(1970—2000)是敘利亞當代史上的重要時期,其政府的執(zhí)政能力是現代敘利亞歷史上任何一任政府所不能比擬的。阿薩德在其執(zhí)政的三十年內,建立起了全國性的政治權威,并實現了敘利亞有史以來從未有過的政治穩(wěn)定,經濟在這一時期也獲得了較大發(fā)展。阿薩德政權之所以取得這樣的成就是與敘利亞獨特的政治體制密不可分的。阿薩德運用軍隊、復興黨和官僚機構的力量,并通過對社會組織的強有力控制,建立起具有家長制色彩的一黨制總統(tǒng)權威體制。依靠這種體制,阿薩德將敘利亞從一個渙散弱小的國家改造成一個地區(qū)強國。該體制一方面基本上適應了敘利亞社會發(fā)展的客觀需要,具有一定的合法性與合理性;另一方面該體制存在很大的局限性。在這種體制下,民主的發(fā)展受到了限制,甚至某些方面與民主的要求背道而馳,一定程度上引起了民眾的不滿。但總體而言,阿薩德畢竟建立起了全國性的政治權威,實現了國家力量的增強,這是現階段敘利亞首要的發(fā)展目標,也為其后續(xù)發(fā)展打下了基礎。敘利亞的現代政治發(fā)展歷程呈現出許多特征,對這些特征的總結和分析,為我們深刻了解敘利亞的政治提供了便利條件。 本文以敘利亞的歷史演變?yōu)橹黧w脈絡,以史實為依托,結合歷史學、政治學、以及現代化理論及方法,就敘利亞的現代政治發(fā)展歷程進行個案研究。其目的是展現敘利亞現代政治的發(fā)展狀況,為其本國和其他發(fā)展中國家的政治發(fā)展提供一些借鑒。
[Abstract]:Modern Syria is a modern nation-state formed after complicated historical changes. The development of modern politics in Syria began with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the first World War. Freed from Ottoman rule, Syrian nationalists sought to establish an independent nation-state. But under colonialist power politics, France eventually won Syria's mandate. Syria gained full independence in 1946 after 26 years of colonial rule. The establishment of an independent state opened a new chapter in Syria's political development. However, at the beginning of independence, the political immature national government was unable to deal with domestic and foreign problems, which caused the military to step onto the political front many times. In 1963, the Baath Party stepped onto the political stage through a military coup, and established a political system of one-party governance and integration of the party and government. However, because of the power struggle and political differences, the new generation gained the upper hand and took power in the struggle between the new and the old Baath Party. Soon after, divisions between its pragmatic and radical factions led to another split, with the pragmatists standing out on behalf of Assad. Since then, Syrian political life has gradually entered a stable period of development. The Assad era (1970-2000) is an important period in the modern history of Syria, and the ability of its government to govern is incomparable to any other government in modern Syrian history. During his three decades in power, Assad established national political authority and achieved political stability that Syria has never seen before. The Assad regime's achievement is inextricably linked to Syria's unique political system. Using the forces of the army, the Baath Party and the bureaucracy, and through strong control of social organizations, Assad established a one-party presidential authority system with a patriarchal system. With this system, Assad transformed Syria from a weak country into a regional power. On the one hand, the system basically meets the objective needs of social development in Syria, and has certain legitimacy and rationality; on the other hand, it has great limitations. In this system, the development of democracy is restricted, even some aspects run counter to the demands of democracy, which to some extent arouses people's dissatisfaction. But overall, Assad has built up national political authority and increased national power, which is Syria's top development goal at this stage and laid the foundation for its future development. The course of modern political development in Syria presents many characteristics. The summary and analysis of these characteristics provide us with convenient conditions for us to deeply understand Syrian politics. This paper takes the historical evolution of Syria as the main thread, historical facts as the basis, combined with history, political science, as well as modernization theory and methods, to conduct a case study of Syria's modern political development process. Its purpose is to show the development of modern politics in Syria, and to provide some reference for the political development of Syria and other developing countries.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：K376.5

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 譚君久;;政治現代化:中國比較政治研究的基本取向——新世紀十年比較政治學發(fā)展回顧之一[J];比較政治學研究;2011年01期

相關碩士學位論文 前3條

1 張木子;阿拉伯社會主義研究[D];上海外國語大學;2012年

2 程小春;阿拉伯抗土建國運動研究（1914-1920）[D];南京大學;2013年

3 李潔;敘利亞軍人政治研究（1949-1970）[D];西北大學;2013年

，

本文編號：1908134