發(fā)布時間：2018-05-18 11:15

  本文選題：理查一世 + 第三次十字軍��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 東方十字軍在“歐洲的成長”過程中占有獨(dú)特地位。在某種意義上,第三次十字軍是東方十字軍的頂點(diǎn)。理查一世在第三次十字軍中扮演主角、成就卓著。第三次十字軍在很大程度上就是理查一世的十字軍。第三次十字軍對未來東地中海區(qū)域十字軍和天主教世界擴(kuò)張均產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。本文由前言、正文、結(jié)語和附錄構(gòu)成,附錄有一個大事年表和兩幅地圖。 前言論及本論題的研究意義和研究綜述。 正文分為三個部分。第一部分介紹第三次十字軍的起源和發(fā)動,理查作為安茹帝國統(tǒng)治者的崛起及其十字軍準(zhǔn)備活動。歐洲混亂狀態(tài)導(dǎo)致十字軍史上“休耕期”的到來。理查與叛亂貴族、他的兄弟父親以及法王交戰(zhàn),最終成為安茹帝國最高統(tǒng)治者。哈丁戰(zhàn)役的慘敗和耶路撒冷的陷落重新激起西方沉寂已久的十字軍熱情。理查一世依托亨利二世在政府體制上的巨大成就,為海外冒險籌得不可或缺的物質(zhì)資源。 第二部分論述理查一世在第三次十字軍中的成就。理查一世取得的阿克攻城戰(zhàn)和阿爾蘇夫戰(zhàn)役的完全勝利,極大削弱穆斯林軍隊(duì)的戰(zhàn)斗力。其間,他積極主動與穆斯林世界展開頻繁的友好接觸和復(fù)雜談判,有助于緩和雙方宗教對立情緒,增進(jìn)相互了解,確保十字軍戰(zhàn)果�！堆欧l約》表明,薩拉丁業(yè)已承認(rèn)法蘭克人勢力在圣地的合法地位。理查一世征服塞浦路斯后,它始終是十字軍國家的糧倉,東方十字軍的跳板以及西歐人在東地中海區(qū)域的惟一前哨。 第三部分分析理查一世取得十字軍成就的原因。從薩拉丁方面來看,其精神力量和軍事優(yōu)勢被帝國種族矛盾、政治困境和外交孤立所抵消,但穆斯林仍具潛在的絕對實(shí)力。從理查一世方面來看,其忤慢的個性特征、驍勇的騎士作為,出色的作戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),尤其是雄厚的物質(zhì)資源,都迫使薩拉丁作出讓步,但法蘭克人亦困難重重。法蘭克人與穆斯林的和解既是雙方僵持的直接結(jié)果,又是彼此商業(yè)聯(lián)系、社會交往和文化交流的重要反映。 結(jié)語部分指出第三次十字軍的重大影響。
[Abstract]:The Eastern Crusades occupy a unique position in the process of European growth. In a sense, the third Crusade was the culmination of the Eastern Crusades. Richard I played the leading role in the third Crusade and achieved great success. The third Crusade was, to a large extent, Richard I's Crusade. The third Crusade had a profound impact on the future of the Eastern Mediterranean Crusades and the expansion of the Catholic world. This paper consists of preface, text, conclusion and appendix, which has a chronology and two maps. The research significance and research summary of the former speech and this thesis. The text is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the origin and initiation of the third Crusade, the rise of Richard as the ruler of the Anjou Empire and his preparations for the Crusade. The chaos in Europe led to the arrival of the "fallow period" in the history of the Crusaders. Richard fought with the rebel aristocracy, his brother, his father, and the French king, and eventually became the supreme ruler of the Anjou Empire. The defeat of the Battle of Harding and the fall of Jerusalem rekindled the longstanding enthusiasm of the Western Crusaders. Relying on Henry II's great achievements in the system of government, Richard I raised indispensable material resources for overseas adventures. The second part discusses the achievements of Richard I in the third Crusade. The complete victory of Richard I in the Battle of Ark and the Battle of Alsuf greatly weakened the effectiveness of the Muslim army. During this period, he proactively initiated frequent friendly contacts and complex negotiations with the Muslim world, which helped to ease the religious antagonism between the two sides, enhance mutual understanding, and ensure the success of the crusades. The Treaty of Yaffa shows that Saladin had recognized the legal status of the Franks in the Holy Land. After Richard I conquered Cyprus, it remained the granary of the Crusades, the springboard of the Eastern Crusaders, and the only outpost of the Western Europeans in the Eastern Mediterranean. The third part analyzes the reasons for Richard I's achievements in the Crusades. From Saladin's point of view, its spiritual power and military superiority were offset by imperial racial contradictions, political dilemmas and diplomatic isolation, but Muslims still had potential absolute power. Richard I's slow personality, his valiant knights, and his excellent combat experience, especially his vast material resources, forced Saladin to make concessions, but the Franks also had difficulties. The reconciliation between the Franks and Muslims is not only the direct result of the standoff, but also the important reflection of the business, social and cultural exchanges. The conclusion points out the great influence of the third Crusade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K132

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