本文選題：尼克松政府 + 沙特阿拉伯��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文以美國解密文獻(xiàn)和檔案為基礎(chǔ),主要研究和考察尼克松政府時期美國對沙特阿拉伯的外交政策。1969年尼克松上臺時,美國在中東的外交面臨著前所未有的困境和挑戰(zhàn)。一、因?yàn)椴粷M美國在第三次中東戰(zhàn)爭中偏袒以色列的做法,眾多阿拉伯前線國家紛紛與美國斷交;二、蘇聯(lián)趁機(jī)加強(qiáng)了與激進(jìn)阿拉伯國家的聯(lián)系,蘇聯(lián)勢力進(jìn)一步滲入中東;三、阿以僵局看不到解決的希望,中東的上空戰(zhàn)云密布;四、美國的盟友英國撤出其在海灣地區(qū)的勢力存在。為了填補(bǔ)英國留下來的真空,抵制蘇聯(lián)勢力滲透,維護(hù)美國在中東地區(qū)的利益,美國制定和實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)新的海灣政策,即扶植和依靠海灣兩大國伊朗和沙特的“雙柱”政策。在第四次中東戰(zhàn)爭以前,尼克松政府的中東政策就是大力援助以色列,保證以色列擁有足夠強(qiáng)大的軍事力量對抗外來入侵,從而抵制蘇聯(lián)對中東地區(qū)的進(jìn)一步滲透。因此,在阿以談判中,美國采取偏袒以色列的政策。對沙特,美國只是將其當(dāng)作在海灣的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱,運(yùn)用沙特龐大的經(jīng)濟(jì)誘導(dǎo)力量,起到中東穩(wěn)定器的作用。在政治上并沒有給沙特以足夠的重視,在第四次中東戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后,尼克松政府不顧沙特等眾多國家的反對,堅(jiān)持向以色列提供軍事援助導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)局逆轉(zhuǎn),沙特阿拉伯立刻號召阿拉伯產(chǎn)油國共同對美國實(shí)施石油禁運(yùn)。石油禁運(yùn)引發(fā)西方國家的能源危機(jī),嚴(yán)重打擊了西方的經(jīng)濟(jì),沙特阿拉伯的地位大幅提升。美國不得不對沙特刮目相看,在政治和軍事領(lǐng)域也開始重視與沙特開展合作,并積極與沙特發(fā)展“特殊關(guān)系”,開辟了美沙關(guān)系的新時代。 全文共由四部分組成: 引言:主要對本文研究的對象、內(nèi)容、國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界關(guān)于這一問題研究的大體現(xiàn)狀及研究這一問題的學(xué)術(shù)意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值進(jìn)行說明。 正文:具體闡述尼克松政府時期美國對沙特阿拉伯外交政策的背景及政策。 第一部分:著重講述尼克松上臺前后美國對沙特阿拉伯政策的背景。首先回顧了從富蘭克林·羅斯福時代開始,美沙兩國開始交往以來,美國歷屆政府對沙特阿拉伯的外交政策。接著說到第三次中東戰(zhàn)爭以后,尼克松上臺時,由于中東形勢變化,美國在中東的外交面對的環(huán)境背景以及沙特阿拉伯在中東地位的變化。 第二部分:論文就尼克松政府初期美國沙特阿拉伯的外交政策展開論述,先是論述沙特阿拉伯的戰(zhàn)略意義,接著介紹尼克松政府借助沙特在海灣地區(qū)實(shí)施雙柱政策,講述沙特阿拉伯在美國雙柱政策中的地位和作用。 第三部分:論文就十月戰(zhàn)爭后,尼克松政府調(diào)整對沙特阿拉伯外交政策,與沙特阿拉伯發(fā)展特殊關(guān)系進(jìn)行論述。第四次中東戰(zhàn)爭,沙特阿拉伯對偏袒以色列的美國實(shí)施“石油禁運(yùn)”,引發(fā)世界能源危機(jī),對美沙關(guān)系發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響。沙特阿拉伯的國際地位迅速提升,美國政府通過一系列措施積極與沙特阿拉伯發(fā)展特殊關(guān)系。 第四部分:總結(jié)美國對沙特阿拉伯政策的特點(diǎn),分析沙特阿拉伯在美國中東戰(zhàn)略中的地位與作用,評析決定和影響美國對沙特阿拉伯政策的因素。 結(jié)束語:簡要點(diǎn)評尼克松政府對沙特阿拉伯的外交政策及其對美沙關(guān)系產(chǎn)生的影響。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the United States declassified documents and archives, this paper mainly studies and examines the Nixon administration of the Nixon administration during the period of the United States' diplomatic policy to Saudi Arabia, when Nixon came to power in the Middle East, the United States faced unprecedented difficulties and challenges in the Middle East diplomacy. One, because of the dissatisfaction of the United States in favour of Israel in the third Middle East war. Arabia frontline countries have broken diplomatic relations with the United States; two, the Soviet Union took the opportunity to strengthen ties with the radical Arabia countries, the Soviet forces further infiltrated into the Middle East; three, the Arab Israeli deadlock could not be seen in the Middle East. Four, the United Kingdom of the United States withdrew its presence in the Gulf. The vacuum, resisting the penetration of the Soviet forces and maintaining the interests of the United States in the Middle East, the United States has formulated and implemented a new Gulf policy, namely, to support and rely on the "double column" policy of Iran and Saudi Arabia, the two great powers of the Gulf. Before the Fourth Middle East War, the Nixon administration's central and Eastern policy was to help Israel to support Israel. Therefore, in the Arab Israeli negotiations, the United States adopted a policy of favoring Israel in the Arab Israeli negotiations. For Saudi Arabia, the United States was only regarded as the economic pillar of the Gulf and used Saudi Arabia's huge economic inducement to play a role in the Middle East stabilizer. Saudi Arabia did not pay enough attention to it politically. After the fourth Middle East War, the Nixon administration, regardless of the opposition of Saad and other countries, insisted on providing military assistance to Israel to reverse the war. Saudi Arabia immediately called on the Arabia oil producing countries to jointly implement the oil embargo in the United States. The oil embargo caused the western countries. The energy crisis has severely compromised the western economy, and the status of Saudi Arabia has greatly improved. The United States has to look at Saudi Arabia, and in the political and military fields, also began to attach importance to cooperation with Saudi Arabia, and actively develop "special relations" with Saudi Arabia, opening a new era of the relationship between the United States and the United States.
The full text consists of four parts:
Introduction: the main object of the study, the content, the domestic and foreign academia on the general status of the research on this issue and the academic significance and application value of the study of this problem.
Main body: the background and policy of US foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia during the Nixon administration were elaborated.
The first part focuses on the background of the United States' policy to Saudi Arabia before and after Nixon came to power. First, it reviews the foreign policy of the U. S. government to Saudi Arabia since the beginning of the Franklin Roosevelt period. After the third Sino Eastern war, when Nixon came to power, Nixon was in the Middle East. The change of the US environment in the Middle East and the change of Saudi Arabia's status in the Middle East.
The second part: the thesis discusses the diplomatic policy of Saudi Arabia in the early days of Nixon administration, first to discuss the strategic significance of Saudi Arabia, and then to introduce the Nixon administration's dual column policy in the Gulf region, and to describe the role and role of Saudi Arabia in the dual policy policy of the United States.
The third part: after the October war, the Nixon administration adjusted the Saudi Arabian foreign policy and the special relationship with Saudi Arabia. The fourth Middle East War, Saudi Arabia imposed the "oil embargo" on the United States which favors Israel, caused the world's energy crisis and had an important impact on the development of the United States and Saudi relations. Arabia's international status has increased rapidly, and the US government has been developing a special relationship with Saudi Arabia through a series of measures.
The fourth part: summing up the characteristics of the United States' policy on Saudi Arabia, analyzing the status and role of Saudi Arabia in the Middle East Strategy of the United States, and evaluating the factors that determine and influence the United States policy on Saudi Arabia.
Conclusion: briefly commented on the Nixon administration's foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia and its impact on the relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K712.54

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉悅;1973-1974年石油危機(jī)和美國的政策[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

2 李智;美國中東政策研究（1967-1974）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張娜;美國對沙特阿拉伯的宣傳戰(zhàn)研究（1945-1957）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1886586