本文選題：喀瑯施塔得事件 + 兵變��； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：喀瑯施塔得水兵在二月革命、十月革命,以及國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭中都起到重要作用,是布爾什維克的忠實支持者。但在1921年的3月,他們卻發(fā)動了一場反對布爾什維克的“叛亂”。他們成立臨時革命委員會,提出了自己的政治綱領和經(jīng)濟要求。面對水兵的反叛,俄共政府也迅速做出反應,集結武裝軍隊,以武力鎮(zhèn)壓此事件,并將此事件定性為“在外國勢力支持下,白衛(wèi)軍、社會革命黨、孟什維克等策劃的推翻蘇維埃的反革命叛亂”。但是事實上,蘇俄政府所面對的對手只是不滿的喀瑯施塔得水兵和工人,并未有其他勢力的武力支持。更值得注意的是,蘇俄政府在鎮(zhèn)壓叛亂的同時提出了新經(jīng)濟政策,這對蘇維埃俄國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是有重大影響�！翱Μ樖┧檬录笔嵌砉渤跗诘囊粋�重要事件,了解這一事件對于我們深刻認識俄共(布)初期的統(tǒng)治有重要的意義。本文在借鑒前人著作的基礎上充分利用了解密的檔案資料,以期對這一歷史事件做出清晰、全面的回顧和解釋。本文正文分為四個部分：第一部分介紹了喀瑯施塔得水兵發(fā)動兵變的背景。包括兵變前喀瑯施塔得水兵對布爾什維克的支持,即水兵在二月革命、十月革命以及國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭中的作用。之后重點總結了“喀瑯施塔得事件”的緣起：第一,布爾什維克實行獨裁統(tǒng)治,激起人民的不滿。第二,“喀瑯施塔得事件”爆發(fā)前的經(jīng)濟狀況惡化；第三,農(nóng)民起義和工人罷工對水兵的影響；第四,水兵的自身需求得不到滿足；第五,蘇俄政府面對此種情況的應對措施。第二部分介紹了“喀瑯施塔得事件”的始末。著重介紹了“喀瑯施塔得事件”的發(fā)展以及結果,詳細描述了喀瑯施塔得水兵起義的經(jīng)過以及蘇俄政府的武力鎮(zhèn)壓。第三部分重新對“喀瑯施塔得事件”的性質(zhì)進行考辯。從兩個方面進行考辯：第一,蘇俄政府通過自身的推斷將此事件定性為“在外國勢力支持下,白衛(wèi)軍、社會革命黨、孟什維克等策劃的反革命叛亂”；第二,葉利欽為“喀瑯施塔得事件”平反。認為水兵的政治訴求是合理要求；俄國社會民主工黨(孟什維克)和社會革命黨在此事件中并沒有起到主導作用；事件的發(fā)展過程中白衛(wèi)軍和外國勢力并沒有直接參與。第四部分是關于“喀瑯施塔得事件”的幾個思考。第一,“喀瑯施塔得事件”爆發(fā)于3月,此時正是俄國的冬天,那么事件的爆發(fā)及發(fā)展和氣候條件會不會有一定的關系。第二,蘇俄政府對外宣傳,他們是在迫于無奈的情況下才以武力鎮(zhèn)壓“喀瑯施塔得事件”,那么事實是不是這樣呢?第三,蘇俄在這鎮(zhèn)壓“喀瑯施塔得事件”的同時提出了新經(jīng)濟政策,那么在新經(jīng)濟政策確立的過程中,“喀瑯施塔得事件”扮演了什么樣的“角色”。
[Abstract]:Kalonstadde played an important role in the February Revolution, the October Revolution, and the Civil War, and was a loyal supporter of the Bolsheviks. But in March 1921, they launched a rebellion against the Bolsheviks. They set up an interim revolutionary committee and put forward their own political platform and economic demands. In the face of the rebellion of the sailors, the Russian Communist Government also reacted quickly by assembling armed forces and suppressing the incident by force, and characterized the incident as "with the support of foreign forces, the White Guard Army, the Social Revolutionary Party," Menshevik and other plans to overthrow the Soviet counterrevolutionary rebellion. In fact, the Russian government faces only disgruntled Kalonstadt sailors and workers, without the support of other forces. More notably, the Soviet government put forward a new economic policy while suppressing the rebellion, which had a great impact on the economic development of Soviet Russia. Kalonstadde event is an important event in the initial period of the Russian Communist Party, and understanding this event is of great significance to us to understand the early rule of the Communist Party of Russia (Brazzaville). Based on the previous works, this paper makes full use of the declassified archival data in order to make a clear and comprehensive review and explanation of this historical event. The text of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the background of the mutiny of Kalonstadde sailors. This includes the support of Kalonshtar sailors for the Bolsheviks before the mutiny, the role of sailors in the February Revolution, the October Revolution, and the Civil War. Then it summarizes the origin of Kalonstadad: first, the Bolshevik dictatorship aroused people's discontent. Second, the economic situation before the "Kalonstadad incident" deteriorated; third, the impact of the peasant uprising and workers' strike on the sailors; fourth, the needs of the sailors were not met; and fifth, the Soviet government's response to this situation. The second part introduces the beginning and end of Kalonshtar incident. This paper mainly introduces the development and result of the incident of Kalonstadad, and describes in detail the course of the uprising of the sailors in Kalonshtar and the armed suppression by the Soviet government. In the third part, the nature of the incident of Kalonshtar is re-examined and argued. First, the Soviet government, through its own extrapolation, characterized the incident as a counter-revolutionary rebellion planned by the White Guard, the Social Revolutionary Party, and Menshevik with the support of foreign forces; and second, Yeltsin vindicated the Kalonshtar incident. It is believed that the political demands of the sailors are reasonable; that the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Menshevik) and the Social Revolutionary Party did not play a leading role in the incident; and that the White Guard and foreign forces did not directly participate in the development of the incident. The fourth part is a few thoughts about the incident of Kalonshtar. First, the "Kalonshtar event" broke out in March, which is Russia's winter, so whether the outbreak and development of the event and climate conditions will have a certain relationship. Second, the Russian government propagandized that they were forced to suppress the "Kalonshtar incident" by force only when they were forced to do so. Is this the case?. Third, Russia put forward the new economic policy while suppressing the incident of Kalangstadad. What kind of role did the incident play in the process of establishing the new economic policy?
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K512.53

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前6條

1 金雁;;“喀瑯施塔得事件”的歷史真相[J];社會科學論壇;2015年02期

2 徐元宮;;喀瑯施塔得水兵暴動真相[J];同舟共進;2013年04期

3 李玲;;淺談列寧時期蘇共戰(zhàn)時共產(chǎn)主義政策向新經(jīng)濟政策轉變的背景和意義[J];職業(yè)時空;2009年05期

4 崔亞平;蘇共的農(nóng)民政策及教訓[J];黨政干部學刊;2004年10期

5 李述森;論政治因素與“新經(jīng)濟政策”[J];東岳論叢;2004年02期

6 丁篤本;二十年代前后蘇聯(lián)的農(nóng)民問題與社會穩(wěn)定[J];史學月刊;1994年04期

，

本文編號：1885635