本文選題：加納 + 改革�。� 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興計(jì)劃(Economic Recovery Program)與經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整計(jì)劃(Structural Adjustment Program)是加納羅林斯政府在面臨國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)多年下滑并面臨可能崩潰的背景,與國(guó)際社會(huì)合作,得到世界銀行與國(guó)際貨幣基金組織及個(gè)人等貸款和援助以及監(jiān)督、指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的。加納政府于1983年開始實(shí)施經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)項(xiàng)目至90年代中期,采取了一系列措施,如大力發(fā)展糧食和可可生產(chǎn),增加對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的投入；努力增加出口,尤其是傳統(tǒng)的礦產(chǎn)品和木材的出口;緊縮開支,抑制通貨膨脹；大力調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,爭(zhēng)取國(guó)際援助和吸收外資措施。 經(jīng)過(guò)三年多的恢復(fù)與發(fā)展,加納經(jīng)濟(jì)十多年來(lái)的倒退趨勢(shì)得到扭轉(zhuǎn),傳統(tǒng)出口產(chǎn)品的出口量明顯增加,創(chuàng)匯也增加了。1984年至1986年,經(jīng)濟(jì)年平均增長(zhǎng)率達(dá)到6%,遠(yuǎn)高于其它非洲國(guó)家。通貨膨脹率得到有效控制,從1983年的122%,降至1984的40%以及1985年的10%。從1987年開始,加納開始實(shí)施經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整計(jì)劃,目標(biāo)是：年經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率要達(dá)到5%至5.5%的水平,人均收入年增長(zhǎng)率不低于1.5%。為此,政府進(jìn)行了相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與改革：國(guó)有企業(yè)改革；大力扶持中小私營(yíng)企業(yè)的壯大和發(fā)展；開放外匯市場(chǎng);貿(mào)易自由化等措施。改革收益顯著：1983年至1991年財(cái)政連年無(wú)赤字,國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年增長(zhǎng)率達(dá)到5%,1994年被聯(lián)合國(guó)取消“世界最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家”稱謂。從1983年開始至1994年改革基本告一段落,之后十?dāng)?shù)載加納經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)向前發(fā)展。自1984年至2011年,加納經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率連續(xù)27年保持在5%左右,雖然發(fā)展速度不是很快,但是發(fā)展穩(wěn)定,實(shí)現(xiàn)了多黨選舉,政局趨穩(wěn)。2011年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)達(dá)到13.6%,加納經(jīng)濟(jì)看好。 論文分四個(gè)部分對(duì)加納經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整改革進(jìn)行論述分析：第一部分主要介紹改革的歷史背景,剖析加納改革前十多年經(jīng)濟(jì)及各方面的發(fā)展情況以及世界銀行、國(guó)際貨幣基金組織和加納改革的關(guān)系；論文第二部分論述了改革的具體內(nèi)容與措施,諸如政府角色、國(guó)有企業(yè)改革與發(fā)展、財(cái)政與預(yù)算改革、銀行業(yè)和貨幣改革等；第三部分論述了經(jīng)濟(jì)改革實(shí)施的效果。文章最后是本文的結(jié)語(yǔ),指出改革的成就、問(wèn)題和前景。
[Abstract]:Economic Recovery Program and structural Adjustment Program are the background of Ghana's Rawlings government, which is working with the international community in the face of years of economic decline and possible collapse of the country's economy. By the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and individuals and other loans and assistance and supervision, under the guidance of. The Government of Ghana began implementing the Economic recovery Project in 1983 and, by the mid-1990s, adopted a number of measures, such as vigorous development of food and cocoa production, increased inputs to agriculture, and efforts to increase exports, Especially traditional mineral products and timber exports; retrenchment of expenditure to curb inflation; vigorously adjust economic policies, international aid and foreign capital absorption measures. After more than three years of recovery and development, the backward trend of Ghana's economy for more than a decade has been reversed, and the export volume of traditional export products has increased markedly, and foreign exchange earnings have also increased. From 1984 to 1986, The average annual growth rate of the economy is 6%, much higher than that of other African countries. Inflation was effectively controlled, falling from 122 percent in 1983 to 40 percent in 1984 and 10 percent in 1985. Since 1987, Ghana has been implementing a structural adjustment program, which aims to achieve an annual economic growth rate of 5 percent to 5.5 percent and an annual per capita income growth rate of not less than 1.5 percent. Therefore, the government has carried on the related structural adjustment and reform: the state-owned enterprise reform; vigorously supports the small and medium-sized private enterprise's growth and the development; opens the foreign exchange market; the trade liberalization and so on measures. The reform gains are remarkable: from 1983 to 1991, there was no deficit in fiscal year after year, and the annual growth rate of GDP reached 5%. In 1994, the designation "the least developed countries of the world" was cancelled by the United Nations. The reforms were basically over from 1983 to 1994, and Ghana's economy continued to move forward for more than a decade. From 1984 to 2011, Ghana's economic growth rate has remained at about 5 percent for 27 consecutive years. Although the growth rate is not very fast, it has developed steadily, achieved multi-party elections and achieved political stability. The GDP growth rate reached 13.6 percent in 2011, and Ghana's economy is optimistic. The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part mainly introduces the historical background of Ghana's economic recovery and economic restructuring reform, analyzes the economic and various aspects of Ghana's economic development in the first ten years of reform and the World Bank. The second part discusses the specific contents and measures of the reform, such as the role of government, the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, the reform of finance and budget, the reform of banking and currency, etc. The third part discusses the effect of economic reform. The last part of the article is the conclusion of this paper, pointing out the achievements, problems and prospects of the reform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K445;F144.5

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