本文選題：國家團(tuán)體說 + 國家法人說��； 參考：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 大正時期是日本近代史上一段重要的歷史時期,這一時期的憲法思想較以前更具科學(xué)性,“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”就是這段時期比較具有代表性的思想之一。該思想的產(chǎn)生是日本的立憲進(jìn)程不斷向前發(fā)展的結(jié)果；明治末期藩閥政府衰敗、政黨政治興起、中間階層崛起、個人主義興盛,為“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”的產(chǎn)生奠定了社會條件；德國耶利內(nèi)克的國家學(xué)說也成為“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”的重要理論來源。“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”在“國家團(tuán)體說”的基礎(chǔ)上主要由“國家法人說”和“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”構(gòu)成。該理論認(rèn)為國家主權(quán)并不屬于天皇,天皇僅為國家機(jī)關(guān)之一,必須依據(jù)憲法行使其職能,國家統(tǒng)治權(quán)應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于作為法人的國家,天皇作為國家最高機(jī)關(guān)行使統(tǒng)治權(quán)。該理論與“天皇主權(quán)說”直接相對,引發(fā)了美濃部達(dá)吉與國體論者之間的爭論。大正時期的“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”與明治時期的“天皇主權(quán)說”之間,既存在著繼承關(guān)系又包含著揚(yáng)棄的關(guān)系,因此二者既有分歧又存在著共性,這顯示了“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”既具有自由民主的先進(jìn)性,同時也遺傳了封建專制的特性�！疤旎蕶C(jī)關(guān)說”是美濃部達(dá)吉試圖運(yùn)用西方法理為天皇處于國家的權(quán)利中心位置找出更符合西方法理的合理解釋。“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”在1935年的國體明征運(yùn)動中被法西斯鎮(zhèn)壓,這是與明治憲法體制的二重性分不開的。因此,“天皇機(jī)關(guān)說”的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展與終結(jié)是明治憲法體制發(fā)展軌跡的預(yù)示。
[Abstract]:Dazheng period is an important historical period in the modern history of Japan. The constitutional thought of this period is more scientific than that of the past. "the Imperial Organ Theory" is one of the more representative thoughts in this period. The emergence of this thought is the result of the continuous development of the constitutional process in Japan, the decline of the vassal government in the late Meiji period, the rise of the political party, the rise of the middle class, the prosperity of individualism, and the establishment of social conditions for the emergence of the "emperor's organ theory". German Jelinek's theory of the state also became an important theoretical source of the Emperor's Organ Theory. On the basis of the theory of national organization, the theory of the emperor's organ is mainly composed of the theory of the state law and the theory of the emperor's organ. The theory holds that the sovereignty of the state does not belong to the emperor, the emperor is only one of the state organs, and must exercise its functions according to the constitution. The state ruling power should belong to the state as a legal person and the emperor as the supreme organ of the state. This theory is directly opposite to the theory of emperor's sovereignty, which leads to the controversy between the American Ministry Daghi and the nationalists. There is not only inheritance relationship but also sublation relationship between "imperial organ theory" in Taisho period and "emperor sovereignty theory" in Meiji period, so there are both differences and commonalities between them. This shows that the Imperial Organ Theory has not only the advanced nature of freedom and democracy, but also the characteristic of feudal autocracy. Daghi tried to use western jurisprudence to find a reasonable explanation for the emperor's position in the center of power of the country. The Emperor's Office was suppressed by fascism in 1935, which was inseparable from the duality of the Meiji constitutional system. Therefore, the emergence, development and end of the emperor's organ theory are the predictors of the development of Meiji constitutional system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K313.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 崔新京;略論日本法西斯思想的形成[J];日本研究;2001年04期

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本文編號：1866261