本文選題：中世紀(jì)晚期 + 德意志　； 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 13世紀(jì),隨著市民階層的興起以及其對參政要求的提出,英國、法國先后出現(xiàn)了等級議會。盡管在這同一個歷史時期德意志形成了以邦國為單位的分裂的政治局面,但邦君諸侯在其邦國內(nèi)擁有絕對的自主權(quán)和自治權(quán),各邦國幾乎都定期召開由教士、貴族和市民三個等級參加的議會。而且16世紀(jì),德意志邦國議會的權(quán)限一度增強,財政權(quán)、立法權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)、重大事務(wù)的決策權(quán)無不具備。然而這種邦國體制有很大的局限性,無法進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。首先是由于德意志邦國體制的限制,邦國的議會受到領(lǐng)主土地所有制的制約;其次是因為德意志在政治上的分裂阻礙了國內(nèi)統(tǒng)一市場的形成,社會各等級之間彼此缺乏共同的利益需求,無法提出共同的政治要求,邦國議會的發(fā)展缺少必要的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。本文旨在通過對中世紀(jì)晚期德意志政治、經(jīng)濟及社會結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,與英、法議會相比較,對德意志邦國議會的組織形式、結(jié)構(gòu)功能、歷史局限作一粗淺的探討,以期對中世紀(jì)晚期至近代早期的德意志歷史有更深入的認(rèn)識和理解。
[Abstract]:In the 13 th century, with the rise of the civil class and its request for political participation, Britain and France successively appeared hierarchical parliaments. Although in the same historical period Germany had formed a political situation divided by states, the monarchs had absolute autonomy and autonomy within their states, and almost all of the states had been convened by priests on a regular basis. A council of nobles and townspeople at three levels. Moreover, in the 16th century, the powers of the German parliament were strengthened, such as fiscal power, legislative power, supervisory power, and decision-making power on important affairs. However, this state system has great limitations and can not be further developed. First, because of the restrictions of the German state system, the parliament of the state was restricted by the ownership of the landlords; secondly, the political division of Germany hindered the formation of a unified domestic market. There is a lack of common interests and political demands among the different levels of society, and the development of national parliaments lacks the necessary economic basis. Through the analysis of the political, economic and social structure of Germany in the late Middle Ages, compared with the British and French parliaments, this paper makes a brief discussion on the organizational form, structural function and historical limitation of the German parliament. In order to have a deeper understanding of the German history from the late Middle Ages to the early modern times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K516

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本文編號：1862079