本文選題：第二次世界大戰(zhàn) + 美國　； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文從美國的全球戰(zhàn)略角度論述1940—1942年美國對法屬北非的政策。 1940年6月,法國戰(zhàn)敗后出現(xiàn)了兩個法國政府—以貝當(dāng)為首的維希政府和戴高樂的“自由法國”。最終,美國選擇與維希政府保持外交關(guān)系,并對法國本土及其殖民地實施有限的經(jīng)濟援助。于是,美法簽署了經(jīng)濟援助法屬北非的墨菲—魏剛協(xié)定。 美國從全球戰(zhàn)略出發(fā),通過運用經(jīng)濟援助和外交雙重手段促使法屬北非保持中立,進而重新使法屬北非參加對軸心國作戰(zhàn)。在美英聯(lián)軍登陸法屬北非之前,美國的經(jīng)濟援助法屬北非計劃一直斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地進行。1942年11月,盟軍成功登陸法屬北非后,維希政府遂與美國斷交,經(jīng)濟援助北非計劃告一段落。面臨新的情況,美國對法屬北非的政策需要作出新的調(diào)整。 1940—1942年美國對法屬北非的政策歷經(jīng)三個階段。 從1940年6月法國戰(zhàn)敗到1940年9月魏剛出任法屬北非總代表,在此期間,美國由忽視法屬北非到逐步認(rèn)識到法屬北非的重要性。 從1940年9月魏剛出任法屬北非總代表到1941年11月,美國決定經(jīng)濟援助法屬北非,目的是希望以此促使法屬北非保持中立,不倒向軸心國。于是,美法簽訂并實施墨菲—魏剛協(xié)定。 從1941年12月美國參戰(zhàn)到1942年11月盟軍在法屬北非登陸,這一階段,美國對法屬北非的政策進行了一些調(diào)整,使法屬北非站在盟國一邊作戰(zhàn)。 1942年11月8日,美英聯(lián)軍在法屬北非登陸。當(dāng)天,維希政府宣布與美國斷交。美國的法屬北非政策進入了一個新的階段。 美國的法屬北非政策取得了一定的成效。這一政策為火炬計劃的成功實施準(zhǔn)備了條件。二戰(zhàn)后期,歐洲第二戰(zhàn)場的開辟在一定程度上也取決于盟國事先在法屬北非所進行的經(jīng)濟和政治方面的準(zhǔn)備。通過研究1940—1942年美國對法屬北非的政策,我們從中可以窺探出美國在二戰(zhàn)期間就一直處心積慮,積極謀求政治、經(jīng)濟與軍事擴張的政策實質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the American policy towards French North Africa from 1940 to 1942 from the perspective of American global strategy. After France's defeat in June 1940, two French governments emerged-Vichy, led by Betten, and Charles de Gaulle, "Free France." In the end, the United States chose to maintain diplomatic relations with the Vichy government and to provide limited economic assistance to France and its colonies. As a result, the United States and France signed the Murphy-Weigang Agreement on Economic Assistance to French North Africa. Proceeding from the global strategy, the United States made France North Africa remain neutral by means of economic aid and diplomacy, and then rejoined France North Africa to fight against the Axis Powers. Until the US-British coalition landed in French North Africa, the U.S. economic aid program for French North Africa continued intermittently. In November 1942, after a successful Allied landing in French North Africa, the Vichy government broke ties with the United States and ended its economic aid program for North Africa. In the face of new circumstances, American policy towards French North Africa needs a new adjustment. American policy towards French North Africa went through three stages from 1940 to 1942. From France's defeat in June 1940 to Wei's appointment as general representative of French North Africa in September 1940, the United States gradually realized the importance of French North Africa from neglecting French North Africa. From September 1940 when Wei was appointed general representative of French North Africa to November 1941, the United States decided to give economic aid to French North Africa in the hope that it would keep France neutral and not turn to the axis. As a result, the United States and France signed and implemented the Murphy-Weigang Agreement. From December 1941 to November 1942, the Allied forces landed in French North Africa. In this stage, the United States made some adjustments to the policy of French North Africa, making France North Africa fight on the side of the allies. November 8, 1942, the United States and British forces landed in French North Africa. On the same day, the Vichy government announced a break with the United States. The French North Africa policy of the United States has entered a new stage. The American policy of French North Africa has made some achievements. This policy sets the stage for the successful implementation of the Torch Plan. In the late World War II, the opening of the second battlefield in Europe also depended in part on the economic and political preparations made by the allies in French North Africa. By studying the American policy towards French North Africa from 1940-1942, we can see that the United States has been actively pursuing the policy essence of political, economic and military expansion during World War II.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D871.2;K712.53

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