本文選題：美國對(duì)越政策 + 中越關(guān)系�。� 參考：《北京師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,美蘇兩極對(duì)峙。美國從其全球戰(zhàn)略角度出發(fā),為了遏制共產(chǎn)主義的擴(kuò)張,在印度支那地區(qū)支持反共勢(shì)力,特別是支援南越政權(quán),防止北方共產(chǎn)主義的擴(kuò)張。1961-1969年是美國對(duì)越政策的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,此時(shí)美國隨著越南形勢(shì)的變化而制定了不同的對(duì)越政策。在這一時(shí)期,中國對(duì)南越形勢(shì)的變化產(chǎn)生極其重要的影響,從而進(jìn)一步制約了美國的對(duì)越政策。 在此時(shí)期,中越兩國從地緣政治的角度出發(fā),面對(duì)共同的敵人——美帝國主義者,建立了“同志加兄弟”的深厚情誼。為此,當(dāng)越南領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人向中國提出物資援助后,中國義無反顧地大力支援越南,這些物資有力地保障了北方的建設(shè)和南方人民的抗美斗爭(zhēng),使美國在制定南越戰(zhàn)略時(shí)受挫。美國面對(duì)南越日益惡化的形勢(shì),相信“多米諾骨牌”效應(yīng),為了贏得這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),決定對(duì)越南實(shí)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)升級(jí)。面對(duì)美國的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)升級(jí),中國作出強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng),除了對(duì)美國表示強(qiáng)烈抗議外,還秘密派出后勤支援部隊(duì),支持越南人民的抗美斗爭(zhēng)。美國對(duì)此不得不加大對(duì)北越的轟炸力度,同時(shí)向南越不斷增派地面部隊(duì)。在中越軍民的共同戰(zhàn)斗下,北越防空作戰(zhàn)取得許多勝利,美國并未取得預(yù)期的轟炸效果。與此同時(shí),北越人民軍大量進(jìn)入南越,與南解武裝部隊(duì)并肩作戰(zhàn),共同消滅侵犯自己家園的敵人,美軍陷入南越人民不斷打擊中。面對(duì)越南人民的抵抗高潮,美軍傷亡人數(shù)不斷增加,為了早日解決越南問題,美國開始同北越進(jìn)行和談接觸。但是北越在中國的影響下,認(rèn)為未在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上取得勝利,就不可能在談判桌上取得勝利,因此對(duì)談判條件絲毫不放松。1968年春季攻勢(shì)過后,北越軍隊(duì)損失很大,這時(shí)北越領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人開始認(rèn)真考慮和談問題。就在這一年,美國宣布停止轟炸北緯20度以北地區(qū),越南方面立即作出反應(yīng),表示同意派代表與美國談判。但是兩國談判仍未取得很大進(jìn)展,這主要在于中美兩國關(guān)系未得到改善。直到1972年尼克松訪華后,中美關(guān)系開始改善,中國開始支持越美和談,在此情況下,中國積極推動(dòng)美越兩國的和談,最后終于簽訂了巴黎協(xié)定。 在1961-1969年美國的對(duì)越政策中,中國始終起著至關(guān)重要的作用,制約著美國的對(duì)越政策,同時(shí)也使美國認(rèn)識(shí)到中國的重要性。中蘇關(guān)系破裂后,美國看到改善中美關(guān)系的可能性,同時(shí)中國也意識(shí)到應(yīng)該“聯(lián)美抗蘇”,于是雙方秘密接觸,最終在尼克松時(shí)期實(shí)現(xiàn)中美關(guān)系的正常化。中國在改善與美國關(guān)系后,也反過來積極推動(dòng)越美和談,促進(jìn)《巴黎協(xié)定》的簽訂,為以后越南的統(tǒng)一奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:During the cold war, the United States and the Soviet Union confronted each other. From its global strategic point of view, in order to curb the expansion of communism, the United States supported anti-Communist forces in the Indochina region, especially the South Vietnamese regime, and prevented the expansion of communism in the North. 1961-1969 was a key period of American policy towards Vietnam. At this time, the United States with the changes in the situation in Vietnam to formulate a different policy toward Vietnam. During this period, China exerted an extremely important influence on the change of the situation in South Vietnam, which further restricted the policy of the United States towards Vietnam. In this period, China and Vietnam, from the geopolitical point of view, faced with the common enemy-American imperialists, established a deep friendship of "comrades and brothers". For this reason, when Vietnam's leaders offered China material assistance, China made great efforts to support Vietnam, which effectively guaranteed the construction of the north and the struggle of the people of the south against the United States, which frustrated the United States in formulating the strategy of South Vietnam. Faced with the worsening situation in South Vietnam, the United States believed in the domino effect and decided to escalate the war against Vietnam in order to win the war. In the face of the escalation of the war in the United States, China reacted strongly. In addition to expressing strong protests against the United States, it also secretly dispatched logistic support troops to support the Vietnamese people in their struggle against the United States. The United States had to step up its bombardment of North Vietnam and send more ground troops to South Vietnam. Under the joint combat between Chinese and Vietnamese, the North Vietnamese air defense has won many victories, but the United States has not achieved the expected bombing effect. At the same time, the North Vietnamese people's Army entered South Vietnam in large numbers, fought alongside the armed forces of the South Liberation Army, and jointly eliminated the enemies who violated their homes, and the US military fell into continuous attack by the people of South Vietnam. In the face of the high tide of resistance among the Vietnamese people, the number of US military casualties has been increasing. In order to resolve the Vietnamese issue as soon as possible, the United States began peace talks with North Vietnam. However, under the influence of China, North Vietnam believes that it is impossible to win at the negotiating table without victory on the battlefield, so it will not relax the conditions of negotiation. After the spring offensive of 1968, the North Vietnamese army lost a lot of money. The North Vietnamese leaders began to think seriously about the peace talks. Just this year, the United States announced a halt to the bombing of areas north of 20 degrees N, and Vietnam immediately responded by agreeing to send representatives to negotiate with the United States. But negotiations between the two countries have not made much progress, mainly because relations between China and the United States have not improved. It was not until 1972, after Nixon's visit to China, that Sino-US relations began to improve and China began to support the Vietnamese peace talks. Under such circumstances, China actively promoted the peace talks between the United States and Vietnam, and finally signed the Paris Agreement. In the 1961-1969 American policy toward Vietnam, China always played a vital role, which restricted the American policy towards Vietnam, and also made the United States realize the importance of China. After the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the United States saw the possibility of improving Sino-US relations, and China also realized that it should "unite the United States against the Soviet Union." so the two sides made secret contacts and finally realized the normalization of Sino-US relations during Nixon's time. After improving its relations with the United States, China, in turn, actively promoted the peace talks between Vietnam and the United States and promoted the signing of the Paris Accords, which laid the foundation for the reunification of Vietnam in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712

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