本文選題：伊拉克 + 什葉派�。� 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1914-1958年之間,伊拉克發(fā)生了重大的變化。伊拉克從奧斯曼帝國的一個地區(qū)成為一個國家,政治上飽受壓抑的什葉派穆斯林成為國家占多數(shù)的居民,什葉派開始在新的國家中謀求政治地位。什葉派與遜尼派相比具有人口,財力,組織上的優(yōu)勢,因而在國家中具有巨大的影響力。什葉派對伊拉克政權(quán)的沖擊大致有三個階段:即:什葉派穆智塔西德的政治行動主義階段(1914-1923年);穆智塔西德從政治行動主義走向政治無為主義的過渡階段(1923-1935);穆智塔西德傾向無為,新興的什葉派知識分子崛起的議會斗爭階段(1936年—1958年)。什葉派對伊拉克政權(quán)的沖擊,最終以失敗而告終。什葉派上層雖參與伊拉克政治,但是遜尼派始終占據(jù)關(guān)鍵職位,什葉派要求與遜尼派分享政治權(quán)力的要求還遠(yuǎn)沒有達(dá)到。 什葉派在這一時期實力大為削弱,什葉派精英階層經(jīng)歷了三次分化,以培養(yǎng)什葉派宗教學(xué)者為目的的什葉派宗教學(xué)校馬德拉薩開始衰落。曾經(jīng)有巨大號召力和影響力的什葉派已四分五裂,無力對政府形成有效威脅。 這時什葉派政治形成了以下特點:部落意識的存在;伊拉克什葉派的雙重困惑,波斯影響的下降。什葉派的參政要求在這一時期沒能實現(xiàn),但仍對以后的什葉派政治運動產(chǎn)生不可忽視的歷史作用。
[Abstract]:Between 1914 and 1958, major changes took place in Iraq. Iraq became a state from an area of the Ottoman Empire, and politically repressed Shia Muslims became the majority of the country's inhabitants, and Shias began to seek political status in the new state. Shia have a demographic, financial and organizational advantage over Sunnis, and thus have great influence in the country. There are three stages of Shia's impact on the Iraqi regime: the political activism of Shiite Mushitha Sid from 1914 to 1923; the transitional period from political activism to political inaction; and Muzhi's transition from political activism to political inaction. Taside tends to do nothing, The stage of parliamentary struggle for the rise of Shia intellectuals (1936-1958). Shia attacks on the Iraqi regime ended in failure. The Shiite elite is involved in Iraqi politics, but Sunnis remain in key positions, and Shia demands to share political power with Sunnis are far from being met. Shia's strength was greatly weakened during this period, the Shiite elite experienced three divisions, and the Shiite religious school Madhassa, which aims to train Shiite religious leaders, began to decline. Shias, once powerful and influential, have been torn apart and unable to pose an effective threat to the government. Shiite politics was characterized by the existence of tribal consciousness, the dual confusion of Iraqi Shia, and the decline of Persian influence. Shia's participation in politics was not realized in this period, but it still played an important historical role in the later Shia political movement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K377.52

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 黃民興;什葉派:歷史、現(xiàn)狀與伊拉克重建[J];河南社會科學(xué);2004年03期

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本文編號：1844439