本文選題：特許公司 + 規(guī)約公司　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：16—18世紀(jì)是英國(guó)歷史發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要?dú)v史階段,也是國(guó)內(nèi)英國(guó)史研究的一個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域之一。16世紀(jì)以前,英國(guó)在工業(yè)、商業(yè)及對(duì)外貿(mào)易方面在歐洲并不占有絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì),甚至遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于法國(guó)及荷蘭等國(guó)。為什么在16世紀(jì)以后走上了以傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)本自然經(jīng)濟(jì)向高度發(fā)達(dá)的工商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型道路?為何這一時(shí)期英國(guó)的工商業(yè)、對(duì)外貿(mào)易、海軍實(shí)力及綜合國(guó)力均獲得了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中最終脫穎而出,成為世界貿(mào)易的主宰者,更是率先開(kāi)展了工業(yè)革命,成為世界歷史上第一個(gè)近代化國(guó)家,成為歐洲乃至世界強(qiáng)國(guó)?這里有許多引人深思的原因有待發(fā)掘。 本文以16—18世紀(jì)英國(guó)特許公司,尤其是在其中起主導(dǎo)地位的特許貿(mào)易公司為研究對(duì)象,揭示特許公司的發(fā)展歷程及其對(duì)近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)變革與轉(zhuǎn)型的推動(dòng)作用。特許公司是英國(guó)政府在重商主義政策和“商業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)”號(hào)召下形成的一種商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu),特許公司因其與政治的緊密關(guān)系而帶有濃厚的政治性,這種政治性為其壟斷性提供了前提。作為一種商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu),英國(guó)特許公司在組織形式上經(jīng)歷了由規(guī)約公司到合股公司的發(fā)展。特許公司在追求自身利潤(rùn)最大化的同時(shí),也成為英國(guó)政府推行重商主義政策和海外貿(mào)易擴(kuò)張、殖民擴(kuò)張的重要工具。 英國(guó)是近代西方國(guó)家中特許公司發(fā)展具有代表性的國(guó)家,英國(guó)特許公司涉及到許多領(lǐng)域和行業(yè)。根據(jù)行文的需要,本文重點(diǎn)探討特許貿(mào)易公司在近代早期英國(guó)社會(huì)商業(yè)發(fā)展中的地位與作用。選擇其中的商人冒險(xiǎn)家公司、莫斯科公司、利凡特公司和東印度公司作為個(gè)案進(jìn)行分析論述。商人冒險(xiǎn)家公司是英國(guó)最大的規(guī)約公司,莫斯科公司是英國(guó)第一個(gè)合股公司,利凡特公司因其與東印度公司的緊密關(guān)系而具有重要地位,東印度公司是英國(guó)最大的合股公司。這四個(gè)公司的上述特性使它們成為英國(guó)特許公司發(fā)展中的典型。 通過(guò)對(duì)上述四個(gè)特許公司構(gòu)成、貿(mào)易活動(dòng)與歷史作用的分析,本文試圖闡明:特許公司為英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè)產(chǎn)品找到了國(guó)外銷售市場(chǎng),通過(guò)其進(jìn)口貿(mào)易解決了國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè)發(fā)展所需要的原材料。一部分商人資本轉(zhuǎn)向工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域,擴(kuò)大了工業(yè)資本的來(lái)源,推動(dòng)了近代英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)變革。特許公司商人在擴(kuò)大自身經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的同時(shí),逐漸向政治領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行滲透,推動(dòng)政府制定有利于商業(yè)與商人發(fā)展的政策。這改變了以往官僚、貴族和紳士主導(dǎo)政府的政治格局,又推動(dòng)了近代英國(guó)的政治轉(zhuǎn)型。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治轉(zhuǎn)型的發(fā)生,人們的財(cái)富觀念,政府職能等也發(fā)生相應(yīng)變化,這些是英國(guó)社會(huì)出現(xiàn)巨變的具體體現(xiàn),也是社會(huì)變革的原因之一。?
[Abstract]:The 16-18 century was an important historical stage in the development of British history, and it was also one of the important fields in the study of British history at home. Before the 16th century, Britain did not have an absolute advantage in industry, commerce and foreign trade in Europe. Even far behind countries such as France and the Netherlands. Why, after the 16th century, began the transition from the traditional agriculture-based natural economy to the highly developed industrial and commercial economy? Why did the British industry and commerce, foreign trade, naval strength and overall national strength in this period all achieved considerable development, and finally stood out in the competition, becoming the master of world trade and taking the lead in launching the industrial revolution? Become the first modern country in the history of the world, become a European and even a world power? There are many thought-provoking reasons to explore. This paper focuses on the British chartered companies in the 16-18 century, especially the chartered trading companies in which they play a leading role, to reveal the development of the concessionaires and their role in promoting the social transformation and transformation in the early modern times. Franchisor is a kind of commercial organization formed by British government under the policy of mercantilism and "commercial power". Because of its close relationship with politics, the concessionaire has a strong political nature, which provides the premise for its monopoly. As a commercial organization, British chartered company has experienced the development from statute company to joint-stock company in the form of organization. The franchisor, while pursuing its own profit maximization, has also become an important tool for the British government to carry out mercantilist policy, overseas trade expansion and colonial expansion. Britain is a representative country in modern western countries, which involves many fields and industries. According to the need of writing, this paper focuses on the status and role of chartered trading companies in the development of British society in the early modern times. The merchant adventurers, Moscow, Levant and East India were selected as case studies. Merchant adventurers is the largest regulatory company in Britain, Moscow is the first joint stock company in Britain, Levant has an important position because of its close relationship with the East India Company, which is the largest joint stock company in Britain. The above characteristics of these four companies make them typical of the development of British charters. Based on the analysis of the composition of the four concessionaires, trade activities and historical effects, this paper attempts to clarify that the concessionaires have found a foreign market for British domestic industrial products. Through its import trade, the raw materials needed for the development of domestic industry were solved. A part of merchant capital turned to the field of industrial production, expanded the source of industrial capital, and promoted the economic transformation of modern England. While expanding their economic interests, franchisees gradually infiltrate into the political field and push the government to formulate policies conducive to the development of commerce and businessmen. This changed the former bureaucracy, aristocrats and gentlemen dominated the political structure of government, and promoted the political transformation of modern England. With the economic and political transformation, people's concept of wealth, government functions and other changes have taken place. These are the concrete embodiment of the great changes in the British society, and also one of the reasons for the social change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K561.4

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 郭麗敏;轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期英國(guó)商人社會(huì)地位研究[D];哈爾濱師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1832507